Naisek – A Constructed Language

Naisek-to-English Vocabulary, by Class

The Date in each entry identifies when the word was added to the vocabulary. The word's status is under the S heading; the codes are:

2 first used in LCC2 relay

4 first used in LCC4 relay, Ring B

o possibly obsolete

P first used in Relay 14

Q first used in Relay 15

R first used in Relay 16

T first used in Relay 18

U first used in Relay 19

W first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone VI

X first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone V

Y first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone IV

Z first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone II

not used yet

? not used yet and questionable

2	first used in LCC2 relay
4	first used in LCC4 relay, Ring B
o	possibly obsolete
P	first used in Relay 14
Q	first used in Relay 15
R	first used in Relay 16
T	first used in Relay 18
U	first used in Relay 19
W	first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone VI
X	first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone V
Y	first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone IV
Z	first used in ZBB Polyglottal Telephone II
	not used yet
?	not used yet and questionable

Word Classes

Here's a summary of the word classes, with the abbreviations used in the vocabulary:

A Adjective

C Conjunction or particle

D Determiner or pronoun

F Free adverb

I Interjection

N Noun, followed by a gender indicator:

A Animate

H Heterogeneous

I Inanimate

The gender will be followed by a

P if the noun is a Proper noun

M if the noun is a Mass noun

P Preposition

Q Quantifier

U Impersonal Verb (like V)

V Verb, followed by the verb's argument structure class (1 through 8) and an aspect class indicator:

P Perfective

I Imperfective

M Mixed

S Copula

X affiX or preposed adverb

A	Adjective
C	Conjunction or particle
D	Determiner or pronoun
F	Free adverb
I	Interjection
N	Noun, followed by a gender indicator:
	A	Animate
	H	Heterogeneous
	I	Inanimate
	The gender will be followed by a
	P	if the noun is a Proper noun
	M	if the noun is a Mass noun
P	Preposition
Q	Quantifier
U	Impersonal Verb (like V)
V	Verb, followed by the verb's argument structure class (1 through 8) and an aspect class indicator:
	P	Perfective
	I	Imperfective
	M	Mixed
	S	Copula
X	affiX or preposed adverb

Entry Words

Affixes are marked with a dash (–); most suffixes are omitted. Pronouns are listed by the absolutive form and nouns are listed by the absolutive singular form. For verbs and adjectives, the stem is used in the entries, even though it never occurs by itself. Quantifiers are listed like either nouns or adjectives.

Verb stems have combinations of the following codes appended to them:

=A insert u in 2SA and insert i in 1SA, 3SA

=H delete h or change r, l, y, w to a, o, i, u, respectively

=I insert u in 2S*, 2P*, 1NP* and insert i in 1S*, 1XP*, 3S*, 3P*

=M insert u in 2SA and insert i in 1S*, 1XP*, 3S*, 3P*

=N insert u in 2SA, 1NP* and insert i in 1SA, 3SA

=U insert u in 2S*, 2P*, 1NP* and insert i in 1SA, 3SA

=A	insert `u` in `2SA`	and	insert `i` in `1SA`, `3SA`
=H	delete `h`	or	change `r`, `l`, `y`, `w` to `a`, `o`, `i`, `u`, respectively
=I	insert `u` in `2S`, `2P`, `1NP*`	and	insert `i` in `1S`, `1XP`, `3S`, `3P`
=M	insert `u` in `2SA`	and	insert `i` in `1S`, `1XP`, `3S`, `3P`
=N	insert `u` in `2SA`, `1NP*`	and	insert `i` in `1SA`, `3SA`
=U	insert `u` in `2S`, `2P`, `1NP*`	and	insert `i` in `1SA`, `3SA`

Adjective and quantifier stems have the following codes indicating conjugation type appended to them:

:1 append it, use ending set A

:2 modify stem, append t, use ending set A

:3 possibly simplify stem, append t, use ending set B

:4 possibly simplify stem, append t, use ending set C

:1		append `it`,	use ending set A
:2	modify stem,	append `t`,	use ending set A
:3	possibly simplify stem,	append `t`,	use ending set B
:4	possibly simplify stem,	append `t`,	use ending set C

An asterisk * indicates that the word is irregular in some way. Consonants in parentheses appear only when followed by a vowel and vowels in parentheses appear only when followed by a consonant.

Naisek-to-English Vocabulary

Existing Vocabulary
Date S Cls Word Gloss or Tag Notes

** A ****

...... Y A –amp :4 Sup - superlative

080414 A –iks :1 -ward (direction)

...... Z A –oss :3 Cmp - comparative

110703 X A –lg :1 -like (denominal)

070120 P A ban :3 young

070109 A bay :2 male

070118 A benn :3 hot

110703 X A braf :3 strong

070114 P A buxm :1 happy

070208 A can :3 healthy

070208 A cisp :4 flat

081103 R A darb :1 important

110703 X A deman :3 middle

070112 o A ell :3 different from - defective

070120 A emp :4 wise

081103 R A frasp :4 determined

070110 U A galb :1 green

070109 A gir :3 female

070115 W A gorh :1 dark

070123 A guyad :1 strange

070115 A herd :1 old (not young)

080414 Q A hif :3 the same, identical

070207 P A jesm :1 good

080319 Z A josp :4 separate, apart

080414 Q A jouf :4 other

070106 W A kan :3 red

110108 T A kiskes :2 scattered

070114 A kwerb :1 drunk

080414 Q A laip :4 easy

080414 Q A lanh :1 precise, accurate

070207 P A laun :4 beautiful

070207 P A leihan :3 spiritual

090119 Y A lufk :4 heavy

070107 A pink :4 small

070115 A plah :2 new

080414 A poupow :2 mere, insignificant

090119 Y A pran :3 loose, free

080319 Z A raim :1 real, true

111207 W A rauf :4 high

070612 2 A risk :4 angry

090119 A rusp :4 hard

120521 U A sam :1 tall

070115 A sipp :1 fast

070106 A sorg :1 big

110703 X A texp :4 shallow

120521 U A toub :1 wide, broad

110108 T A troxk :4 proud

070125 A twerh :1 raw

070115 A wen :3 old (not new)

070115 P A xanh :1 bright

090119 Y A xark :4 severe

080414 Q A xengl :2 nimble, agile

080319 Z A xiskw :2 terrible, awful

090119 Y A moxkis :3 honorable

080319 Z A mutkis :3 reasonable

090119 Y A raxkis :3 noble (not aristocrat)

070120 A dostwar :3 sleepy

090122 A jangwar :3 hungry

110108 T A kwaswar :3 lonely

090122 A kwergwar :3 thirsty

081103 R A linkwar :3 compassionate

110108 T A ticwar :3 rich, wealthy

** C ****

070106 2 C ce Int - particle

070106 2 C ga Neg; no - particle

070106 2 C he Aff; yes - particle

070114 Y C gaus neither/nor - coordinating

070111 C jos ? or (exclusive) - coordinating

070612 2 C nepo then - coordinating

070111 2 C os or (inclusive) - coordinating

070612 2 C pone (both/)and - coordinating

070125 2 C osga if - conditional

070125 C osse unless, if not - conditional

070109 P C noku - purpose clause

070130 Z C ir - introduces complement clause

070106 2 C lo - introduces complement clause

070130 2 C kono - introduces quotation

070112 U C? dorsa when - relative

070106 C fen - fen A tep = as A as

070106 C gos - gos A tep = less A than

080414 Q C nage but - connects clauses, sentences

070106 P C po and - joins phrases only

080319 Z C doflo until

090119 Y C kose because, since, for

090119 Y C lohai before

090119 Y C lohen after

070106 Z C tep than

** D ****

080414 Q D –okm kind (of) - on pronominal/determiner stems

070106 2 D ku 1S

070106 D ko 1XP

070106 D bo 1NP

080319 P D bal 1NP - oblique of bo

070106 2 D nu 2S

070106 Y D no 2P

070106 Q D fu Rfx

070114 Z D fal Rcp

070111 D gau(t) Nul - pronoun

070111 Z D gaut Nul - determiner

070111 2 D o(t) Uns

070106 Z D ta 3AS

070106 P D tal 3AP

070106 2 D ti 3IS

070106 P D til 3IP

080319 ? D ba* 3AMasS

080319 ? D bayo* 3AMasP

080319 Z D gya 3AFemS

080319 Z D gyal 3AFemP

070106 D c Que - pronoun (singular endings)

070106 P D d Rel - pronoun

070106 P D h Def - determiner

070111 U D help the other - determiner

070111 D otelp some other - determiner

070106 P D bes this/these, here - near speaker & addressee(s)

070106 D ces which, where - interrogative

070106 D des which, where - relative

070106 D kes this/these, here - near speaker

070106 D nes that/those, there - near addressee(s)

070106 2 D tes that/those, there - anaphoric

070112 U D jaf yon, yonder - distal

120521 U D kwarf 1st - ordinal

070115 ? D plarf next

070207 P D sun whole (entire)

090119 Y D tokm such

070115 ? D wenaf previous

** F ****

070613 2 F bahai ago, up to now

070613 Y F bau now

070127 F cingo in what manner - interrogative

070112 F corsa when - interrogative

070106 F curen how - interrogative (was cu)

111207 W F dingo how (manner) - relative

070106 F duren how (degree) - relative (was du)

070123 F jido ? often - adverb

070123 F pido ? rarely - adverb

111207 W F plau soon

070127 2 F tingo in such a manner - see Satisfactive ....

070106 F turen so - see Satisfactive .... (was tu)

** I ****

080319 P I ah ah, hey, (various)

070612 2 I cau ouch, (various)

080319 Z I loh well, so, behold

** NA ***

070207 P NA baigixa bridegroom

070114 NA baiska son

070114 NA baitse brother

080319 Z NA bandaxme young woman

070120 P NA banje child (young)

110108 T NA banrasna young man

070114 NA brutse orphan

080319 Z NA daxme woman

080414 Q NA denje mind

070207 P NA girgixa bride

070114 NA girose sister

070106 NA gofo dog

070208 P NA gufrasna warrior

070114 NA gyaska daughter

070120 NA herje elder

110108 T NA holje living being

120521 U NA insekta insect

070109 P NA jem person

070106 NA katto cat

110505 4 NA kisno goat

120521 U NA lixo mouse

110505 4 NA loma horse

070114 NA luse "blood" relative

070114 Z NA matse mother

070114 Z NA miska parent

070109 U NA parce bird

070107 NA payatco clown

070123 NA potspa cockroach

070208 P NA rasna man

070114 NA suka child (of)

081103 R NA tauje metaphorical heart

070114 Z NA tetse father

080319 Z NA xtudent student

** NAP **

080319 Z NAP Tahara female name (foreign?)

** NH ***

110108 T NH gorme cloud

110703 X NH gwar water

110703 X NH hoik wave

080319 P NH hume wind

080319 Z NH palme storm

120521 U NH orxa river, stream

110703 X NH roxme ocean, sea

111207 W NH sarme sky

111207 W NH tekme sun

070207 P NH xalme moon

** NI ***

080319 Z NI afkle party, celebration

111207 W NI asna place

110703 X NI auge sound

070114 NI besso today

070114 NI boino wine

081103 R NI brume need, necessity

081103 NI candak liver

110108 T NI caubrus helmet, veiled bonnet

081103 R NI cefkla concern, responsibility

110505 4 NI cerga body, trunk

070612 2 NI cima edge

110505 4 NI daine name

110108 T NI demastu gate

110108 T NI dempek thought, idea

110108 T NI doftek end

120521 U NI faide hill

111207 W NI fesan face, visage

110505 4 NI fesse(t) head

070110 NI fle(t) leaf

070612 2 NI forke foot

110108 T NI fortekla game

070208 P NI fupla trouble

081103 R NI fusbe fault, failing

111207 W NI gicpa mark, blemish

080319 Z NI gint corner

080319 NI gixafkle wedding reception

080319 P NI gixne promise

120521 U NI gliso slope slant

070118 NI grayo cup

120521 U NI gwalno valley

080319 Z NI hanep hemp of any kind

110703 X NI hasse land

090119 Y NI holma life, career

090119 NI hwiski whiskey

110108 T NI isar iron

070207 P NI ista star

110108 T NI jafastu path

080414 Q NI jaikse direction (spatial)

070106 NI jande food

110108 T NI jardinu garden

070118 NI kaffe coffee

110505 4 NI kaistu bridge

070106 NI kloba house

110108 T NI kolo mouth

070207 P NI korilo hazel

110703 X NI krepe ice

070114 NI kwerde beverage

070208 P NI lantke skill

070612 2 NI lofte lake

110703 X NI magma magma

080414 Q NI merfla work, effort

110108 T NI milba smile

080414 Q NI minde plan

111207 W NI moxtin west

080414 Q NI musika music

080414 Q NI narbe voice

080414 Q NI natkun step

080414 Q NI nelebarkla paradox, contradiction

070127 Y NI nigo manner, way

110108 T NI raxin east

070208 P NI rok thing

070612 2 NI rusek rock

110703 X NI sakna harbor

070125 NI seko world

080319 Z NI selba garment

110108 T NI singwe smoke

080319 Z NI sokla situation

070106 P NI wake hand

070106 U NI xofre tree

070208 P NI xolke power

110703 X NI xoro ear

080319 Z NI dosthin bedroom

110201 NI lonthin kitchen

070115 P NI gordo night

090119 Y NI naudo hour

070115 U NI soudo day (24 hours)

120521 U NI swido always; never (with negative)

120521 U NI teido a short time

070115 NI xando day(time)

070207 P NI dofsu year

070207 2 NI xatsu month

080414 Q NI dispaixofkap choreography (dance-writing)

090119 Y NI hentap prediction, prophecy, forecast

080414 Q NI xofkap written record

080414 NI suppi any of - takes partitive complement

080319 Z NI yampi part of - takes partitive complement

070612 2 NI arkai story (of)

080414 Q NI dispai dance (in the sense of ballet number)

070112 P NI lalbai song

070208 P NI cispasse flatland

080612 NI xofrasse woodland

081103 R NI raxmigi virtue

070123 NI telgi color

** NIM **

070208 P NIM folde grain

070208 P NIM hante love

090122 NIM honde ? powder

120521 U NIM lalfa grass

090122 NIM linko ? compassion

070207 P NIM bennigi heat

070207 P NIM buxmigi happiness

070208 P NIM cangi health

070612 2 NIM holgi life

070207 P NIM jesmigi goodness

** NIP **

111207 W NIP Piyan (a name)

** P ****

070106 2 P dema in(side)

080414 ? P ebu back

090119 Y P ja (separative)

070112 P jabo far from

080414 Q P josku except

070107 R P kori about

090119 Y P raf waiting for

070106 P P u at, near

070109 P wadi via - u + adi

070106 P P wix to - u + ix

070109 P P wof from - u + of

120521 U P yok across

** Q ****

070113 P Q j :1 many

070113 Q Q juk :4 much

070123 Q pik :4 small amount

070123 Q py :2* few

080414 Q Q sup :4 any - declined like singular adjective

070207 P Q sw :2 all - plural forms

080414 P Q sw :2 each, every - singular forms

080319 Q yan :3 some of

070106 Q Q kw :2 1 - ku in compounds

070106 U Q nel :3 2

070106 Q ton :3 3

070106 Q pago :2 4

070106 Q uke :2 5

070106 Q sida :2 6

070106 Q sapa :2 7

070106 Q nelgos :3 8

070106 Q kugos :3 9

070106 Q nelke :2 10

070106 Q palke :2 20

070106 Q sirke :2 30

070106 Q nelgoske :2 40

070106 Q xif :4 50

** U2M **

070130 P U2M pald =I rain - Abs is what's rained

** U5I **

070208 P U5I naus =U shade - Abs is what shades!

** V1M **

070208 P V1M rasb =I protect (from)

** V1P **

070107 2 V1P ark =U tell, say

070107 2 V1P camp =U ask

110703 X V1P culp =U bring P to D

070120 V1P dauf =U help

070612 2 V1P ebark =U answer

070207 P V1P hafk =U thank

080319 Z V1P harg =I argue

090119 Y V1P hayog =I prevent, restrain

090119 Y V1P hent =U predict, prophesy, foretell

070118 V1P lasf =I serve

070106 P V1P sof =A give

090119 Y V1P xisnar =A accuse

** V2I **

110703 X V2I brinkw =H endanger

** V2M **

070106 Z V2M kloh =H live in

080414 Q V2M lents =U learn (le + nis)

110703 X V2M yuks =I approach, go toward

** V2P **

090122 V2P aff =N? celebrate (afna, affubor)

080319 P V2P biy =H* cause, make

090119 Y V2P blasn =I censure, reprove, etc.

110108 T V2P byas =A move

080319 Z V2P cofk =I remove, take off (clothing)

070612 2 V2P donk =U hit

070120 2 V2P gah =H* avoid - prohibitive auxiliary

090119 Y V2P gwelc =U kill, murder

110703 X V2P half =U blow

090119 Y V2P honck =I crush, pulverize

110108 T V2P jabl =H discard

070106 V2P jang =I eat

090119 Y V2P josn =I judge

070612 2 V2P kalb =U speak (language)

070115 V2P kelp =U touch

090119 Y V2P kondemn =I condemn

110601 V2P konl =H quote

070114 V2P kwerg =I drink

080414 Q V2P laih =I perform

080319 Z V2P lomp =U run (route)

070125 V2P lont =U cook

080319 2 V2P mark =U lift, pick up

070208 P V2P moxk =U honor

110108 T V2P naph =I twist

070612 2 V2P nat =U walk (route)

110703 X V2P nopl =H fill P with I?

080414 Q V2P peh =H use

110108 T V2P pexk =U carve

070106 V2P polt =U crawl (route)

070612 2 V2P sants =U throw

070120 V2P saxp =U carry

080319 V2P? selh =I wear

070125 Y V2P sold =I leave

110703 X V2P soxn =I push, shove

070208 P V2P tokl =H harvest

110505 4 V2P xekp =I chop, cut

080414 V2P xofk =U write

** V3I **

081103 R V3I gaml =H doubt

081103 R V3I gloh =H understand empathetically

070112 2 V3I hait =U remember

070127 U V3I nis =A know (something)

080414 Q V3I ramp =U believe

080319 Z V3I taup =U feel (emotion)

** V3M **

120521 U V3M bosm =I agree

070114 V3M bruh =H lack

080414 V3M demp =U think

070118 2 V3M grat =U like

070106 2 V3M hox =A want; want to - volitive auxiliary

070111 V3M jeus =U choose

070107 2 V3M ment =U see

070109 V3M min =N intend to - volitive auxiliary

070612 2 V3M mold =I be sure of

070107 P V3M my =H* have ....

070125 V3M raft =U hope

070125 U V3M sep =U wish

070613 U V3M tol =A pass time

070106 2 V3M xars =U hear

080414 ? V3? yarC =? deduce

** V4P **

070109 U V4P as =A go, come

110108 T V4P defkod =I collapse

080414 Q V4P disp =U dance

070120 Z V4P dost =U sleep

080421 U V4P ebas =A return

070127 Z V4P fups =I err, make a mistake

110505 4 V4P gixn =I make vows, marry

070108 Z V4P glef =A fall

110703 X V4P hisk =U rush, hurry

080319 Z V4P kitc =I make a sound

070112 P V4P lalb =I sing

081103 R V4P leik =U behave

070109 U V4P par =A fly

110703 X V4P posalemb =I overflow

080414 Q V4P reld =I turn

070107 V4P rofl =H laugh

080414 Q V4P wasg =I move, gesture

110505 4 V4P yokas =A go across

** V5I **

110703 X V5I blon =U boil

110108 T V5I dak =U stand

110505 4 V5I digr =H signify

080319 Z V5I? singr =H burn (intransitive)

** V5M **

090119 Y V5M tof =A die

** V5P **

070120 V5P cuf =A sneeze

110703 X V5P fisl =H sizzle

110703 X V5P hur =A freeze

110108 T V5P sinsen =N shimmer

** V6I **

070106 V6I bof =A be expected to - modal auxiliary

070110 Y V6I gait =U be possible - modal auxiliary

070110 V6I panj =I be logically necessary - modal auxiliary

070110 V6I rest =U be obligated - modal auxiliary

070131 2 V6I xol =A be able - modal auxiliary

** V7I **

070109 V7I lorr =A* repeat (Iter) - aspectual auxiliary

070111 V7I mais =U continue (Cont) - aspectual auxiliary

** V7P **

070112 Z V7P pauk =U begin (Incp) - aspectual auxiliary

070112 V7P goin =U stop (Paus) - aspectual auxiliary

070112 V7P fasd =I resume (Rsmt) - aspectual auxiliary

070112 V7P doft =U complete (Cess) - aspectual auxiliary

080319 Z V7P gwexk =I abandon, cease

081103 R V7P host =U try, attempt

** V8I **

070123 Y V8I elt =U differ from

070123 ? V8I hib =I same as

070123 Z V8I jad =I seem - like copula

** V8S **

070106 P V8S s =U* Cop

** X ****

070106 Z X bi– - proclitic, causative

080319 P X co– - proclitic, impersonal

070106 P X do– - proclitic, passive 1

070106 Z X e– - proclitic, passive 2

070106 P X ho– - proclitic, antipassive

070106 2 X le– - proclitic, reflexocausative

110508 X ma– - proclitic, respective (?)

070106 Y X kel– - makes spatial relations tangent & temporals immediate

070613 2 X –hai before (temporal)

090119 Y X –hen after (temporal)

070106 X –ren Deg - degree adverb; also –uren

080414 Q X –uren Deg - degree adverb; also –ren

070123 Q X juku very - adverb

090119 Y X mol surely, really, even ....

070123 X piku slightly - adverb

080414 Q X poupo only

* other *

** new **

120521

Existing Vocabulary
Date	S	Cls	Word	Gloss or Tag	Notes
	A **
......	Y	A	–amp :4	Sup	- superlative
080414		A	–iks :1	-ward (direction)
......	Z	A	–oss :3	Cmp	- comparative
110703	X	A	–lg :1	-like (denominal)
070120	P	A	ban :3	young
070109		A	bay :2	male
070118		A	benn :3	hot
110703	X	A	braf :3	strong
070114	P	A	buxm :1	happy
070208		A	can :3	healthy
070208		A	cisp :4	flat
081103	R	A	darb :1	important
110703	X	A	deman :3	middle
070112	o	A	ell :3	different from	- defective
070120		A	emp :4	wise
081103	R	A	frasp :4	determined
070110	U	A	galb :1	green
070109		A	gir :3	female
070115	W	A	gorh :1	dark
070123		A	guyad :1	strange
070115		A	herd :1	old (not young)
080414	Q	A	hif :3	the same, identical
070207	P	A	jesm :1	good
080319	Z	A	josp :4	separate, apart
080414	Q	A	jouf :4	other
070106	W	A	kan :3	red
110108	T	A	kiskes :2	scattered
070114		A	kwerb :1	drunk
080414	Q	A	laip :4	easy
080414	Q	A	lanh :1	precise, accurate
070207	P	A	laun :4	beautiful
070207	P	A	leihan :3	spiritual
090119	Y	A	lufk :4	heavy
070107		A	pink :4	small
070115		A	plah :2	new
080414		A	poupow :2	mere, insignificant
090119	Y	A	pran :3	loose, free
080319	Z	A	raim :1	real, true
111207	W	A	rauf :4	high
070612	2	A	risk :4	angry
090119		A	rusp :4	hard
120521	U	A	sam :1	tall
070115		A	sipp :1	fast
070106		A	sorg :1	big
110703	X	A	texp :4	shallow
120521	U	A	toub :1	wide, broad
110108	T	A	troxk :4	proud
070125		A	twerh :1	raw
070115		A	wen :3	old (not new)
070115	P	A	xanh :1	bright
090119	Y	A	xark :4	severe
080414	Q	A	xengl :2	nimble, agile
080319	Z	A	xiskw :2	terrible, awful
090119	Y	A	moxkis :3	honorable
080319	Z	A	mutkis :3	reasonable
090119	Y	A	raxkis :3	noble (not aristocrat)
070120		A	dostwar :3	sleepy
090122		A	jangwar :3	hungry
110108	T	A	kwaswar :3	lonely
090122		A	kwergwar :3	thirsty
081103	R	A	linkwar :3	compassionate
110108	T	A	ticwar :3	rich, wealthy
	C **
070106	2	C	ce	Int	- particle
070106	2	C	ga	Neg; no	- particle
070106	2	C	he	Aff; yes	- particle
070114	Y	C	gaus	neither/nor	- coordinating
070111		C	jos ?	or (exclusive)	- coordinating
070612	2	C	nepo	then	- coordinating
070111	2	C	os	or (inclusive)	- coordinating
070612	2	C	pone	(both/)and	- coordinating
070125	2	C	osga	if	- conditional
070125		C	osse	unless, if not	- conditional
070109	P	C	noku		- purpose clause
070130	Z	C	ir		- introduces complement clause
070106	2	C	lo		- introduces complement clause
070130	2	C	kono		- introduces quotation
070112	U	C?	dorsa	when	- relative
070106		C	fen		- fen A tep = as A as
070106		C	gos		- gos A tep = less A than
080414	Q	C	nage	but	- connects clauses, sentences
070106	P	C	po	and	- joins phrases only
080319	Z	C	doflo	until
090119	Y	C	kose	because, since, for
090119	Y	C	lohai	before
090119	Y	C	lohen	after
070106	Z	C	tep	than
	D **
080414	Q	D	–okm	kind (of)	- on pronominal/determiner stems
070106	2	D	ku	1S
070106		D	ko	1XP
070106		D	bo	1NP
080319	P	D	bal	1NP	- oblique of `bo`
070106	2	D	nu	2S
070106	Y	D	no	2P
070106	Q	D	fu	Rfx
070114	Z	D	fal	Rcp
070111		D	gau(t)	Nul	- pronoun
070111	Z	D	gaut	Nul	- determiner
070111	2	D	o(t)	Uns
070106	Z	D	ta	3AS
070106	P	D	tal	3AP
070106	2	D	ti	3IS
070106	P	D	til	3IP
080319	?	D	ba*	3AMasS
080319	?	D	bayo*	3AMasP
080319	Z	D	gya	3AFemS
080319	Z	D	gyal	3AFemP
070106		D	c	Que	- pronoun (singular endings)
070106	P	D	d	Rel	- pronoun
070106	P	D	h	Def	- determiner
070111	U	D	help	the other	- determiner
070111		D	otelp	some other	- determiner
070106	P	D	bes	this/these, here	- near speaker & addressee(s)
070106		D	ces	which, where	- interrogative
070106		D	des	which, where	- relative
070106		D	kes	this/these, here	- near speaker
070106		D	nes	that/those, there	- near addressee(s)
070106	2	D	tes	that/those, there	- anaphoric
070112	U	D	jaf	yon, yonder	- distal
120521	U	D	kwarf	1st	- ordinal
070115	?	D	plarf	next
070207	P	D	sun	whole (entire)
090119	Y	D	tokm	such
070115	?	D	wenaf	previous
	F **
070613	2	F	bahai	ago, up to now
070613	Y	F	bau	now
070127		F	cingo	in what manner	- interrogative
070112		F	corsa	when	- interrogative
070106		F	curen	how	- interrogative (was cu)
111207	W	F	dingo	how (manner)	- relative
070106		F	duren	how (degree)	- relative (was du)
070123		F	jido ?	often	- adverb
070123		F	pido ?	rarely	- adverb
111207	W	F	plau	soon
070127	2	F	tingo	in such a manner	- see Satisfactive ....
070106		F	turen	so	- see Satisfactive .... (was tu)
	I **
080319	P	I	ah	ah, hey, (various)
070612	2	I	cau	ouch, (various)
080319	Z	I	loh	well, so, behold
	NA *
070207	P	NA	baigixa	bridegroom
070114		NA	baiska	son
070114		NA	baitse	brother
080319	Z	NA	bandaxme	young woman
070120	P	NA	banje	child (young)
110108	T	NA	banrasna	young man
070114		NA	brutse	orphan
080319	Z	NA	daxme	woman
080414	Q	NA	denje	mind
070207	P	NA	girgixa	bride
070114		NA	girose	sister
070106		NA	gofo	dog
070208	P	NA	gufrasna	warrior
070114		NA	gyaska	daughter
070120		NA	herje	elder
110108	T	NA	holje	living being
120521	U	NA	insekta	insect
070109	P	NA	jem	person
070106		NA	katto	cat
110505	4	NA	kisno	goat
120521	U	NA	lixo	mouse
110505	4	NA	loma	horse
070114		NA	luse	"blood" relative
070114	Z	NA	matse	mother
070114	Z	NA	miska	parent
070109	U	NA	parce	bird
070107		NA	payatco	clown
070123		NA	potspa	cockroach
070208	P	NA	rasna	man
070114		NA	suka	child (of)
081103	R	NA	tauje	metaphorical heart
070114	Z	NA	tetse	father
080319	Z	NA	xtudent	student
	NAP
080319	Z	NAP	Tahara	female name (foreign?)
	NH *
110108	T	NH	gorme	cloud
110703	X	NH	gwar	water
110703	X	NH	hoik	wave
080319	P	NH	hume	wind
080319	Z	NH	palme	storm
120521	U	NH	orxa	river, stream
110703	X	NH	roxme	ocean, sea
111207	W	NH	sarme	sky
111207	W	NH	tekme	sun
070207	P	NH	xalme	moon
	NI *
080319	Z	NI	afkle	party, celebration
111207	W	NI	asna	place
110703	X	NI	auge	sound
070114		NI	besso	today
070114		NI	boino	wine
081103	R	NI	brume	need, necessity
081103		NI	candak	liver
110108	T	NI	caubrus	helmet, veiled bonnet
081103	R	NI	cefkla	concern, responsibility
110505	4	NI	cerga	body, trunk
070612	2	NI	cima	edge
110505	4	NI	daine	name
110108	T	NI	demastu	gate
110108	T	NI	dempek	thought, idea
110108	T	NI	doftek	end
120521	U	NI	faide	hill
111207	W	NI	fesan	face, visage
110505	4	NI	fesse(t)	head
070110		NI	fle(t)	leaf
070612	2	NI	forke	foot
110108	T	NI	fortekla	game
070208	P	NI	fupla	trouble
081103	R	NI	fusbe	fault, failing
111207	W	NI	gicpa	mark, blemish
080319	Z	NI	gint	corner
080319		NI	gixafkle	wedding reception
080319	P	NI	gixne	promise
120521	U	NI	gliso	slope	slant
070118		NI	grayo	cup
120521	U	NI	gwalno	valley
080319	Z	NI	hanep	hemp of any kind
110703	X	NI	hasse	land
090119	Y	NI	holma	life, career
090119		NI	hwiski	whiskey
110108	T	NI	isar	iron
070207	P	NI	ista	star
110108	T	NI	jafastu	path
080414	Q	NI	jaikse	direction (spatial)
070106		NI	jande	food
110108	T	NI	jardinu	garden
070118		NI	kaffe	coffee
110505	4	NI	kaistu	bridge
070106		NI	kloba	house
110108	T	NI	kolo	mouth
070207	P	NI	korilo	hazel
110703	X	NI	krepe	ice
070114		NI	kwerde	beverage
070208	P	NI	lantke	skill
070612	2	NI	lofte	lake
110703	X	NI	magma	magma
080414	Q	NI	merfla	work, effort
110108	T	NI	milba	smile
080414	Q	NI	minde	plan
111207	W	NI	moxtin	west
080414	Q	NI	musika	music
080414	Q	NI	narbe	voice
080414	Q	NI	natkun	step
080414	Q	NI	nelebarkla	paradox, contradiction
070127	Y	NI	nigo	manner, way
110108	T	NI	raxin	east
070208	P	NI	rok	thing
070612	2	NI	rusek	rock
110703	X	NI	sakna	harbor
070125		NI	seko	world
080319	Z	NI	selba	garment
110108	T	NI	singwe	smoke
080319	Z	NI	sokla	situation
070106	P	NI	wake	hand
070106	U	NI	xofre	tree
070208	P	NI	xolke	power
110703	X	NI	xoro	ear
080319	Z	NI	dosthin	bedroom
110201		NI	lonthin	kitchen
070115	P	NI	gordo	night
090119	Y	NI	naudo	hour
070115	U	NI	soudo	day (24 hours)
120521	U	NI	swido	always; never (with negative)
120521	U	NI	teido	a short time
070115		NI	xando	day(time)
070207	P	NI	dofsu	year
070207	2	NI	xatsu	month
080414	Q	NI	dispaixofkap	choreography (dance-writing)
090119	Y	NI	hentap	prediction, prophecy, forecast
080414	Q	NI	xofkap	written record
080414		NI	suppi	any of	- takes partitive complement
080319	Z	NI	yampi	part of	- takes partitive complement
070612	2	NI	arkai	story (of)
080414	Q	NI	dispai	dance (in the sense of ballet number)
070112	P	NI	lalbai	song
070208	P	NI	cispasse	flatland
080612		NI	xofrasse	woodland
081103	R	NI	raxmigi	virtue
070123		NI	telgi	color
	NIM
070208	P	NIM	folde	grain
070208	P	NIM	hante	love
090122		NIM	honde ?	powder
120521	U	NIM	lalfa	grass
090122		NIM	linko ?	compassion
070207	P	NIM	bennigi	heat
070207	P	NIM	buxmigi	happiness
070208	P	NIM	cangi	health
070612	2	NIM	holgi	life
070207	P	NIM	jesmigi	goodness
	NIP
111207	W	NIP	Piyan	(a name)
	P **
070106	2	P	dema	in(side)
080414	?	P	ebu	back
090119	Y	P	ja	(separative)
070112		P	jabo	far from
080414	Q	P	josku	except
070107	R	P	kori	about
090119	Y	P	raf	waiting for
070106	P	P	u	at, near
070109		P	wadi	via	- `u` + `adi`
070106	P	P	wix	to	- `u` + `ix`
070109	P	P	wof	from	- `u` + `of`
120521	U	P	yok	across
	Q **
070113	P	Q	j :1	many
070113	Q	Q	juk :4	much
070123		Q	pik :4	small amount
070123		Q	py :2*	few
080414	Q	Q	sup :4	any	- declined like singular adjective
070207	P	Q	sw :2	all	- plural forms
080414	P	Q	sw :2	each, every	- singular forms
080319		Q	yan :3	some of
070106	Q	Q	kw :2	1	- `ku` in compounds
070106	U	Q	nel :3	2
070106		Q	ton :3	3
070106		Q	pago :2	4
070106		Q	uke :2	5
070106		Q	sida :2	6
070106		Q	sapa :2	7
070106		Q	nelgos :3	8
070106		Q	kugos :3	9
070106		Q	nelke :2	10
070106		Q	palke :2	20
070106		Q	sirke :2	30
070106		Q	nelgoske :2	40
070106		Q	xif :4	50
	U2M
070130	P	U2M	pald =I	rain	- `Abs` is what's rained
	U5I
070208	P	U5I	naus =U	shade	- `Abs` is what shades!
	V1M
070208	P	V1M	rasb =I	protect (from)
	V1P
070107	2	V1P	ark =U	tell, say
070107	2	V1P	camp =U	ask
110703	X	V1P	culp =U	bring P to D
070120		V1P	dauf =U	help
070612	2	V1P	ebark =U	answer
070207	P	V1P	hafk =U	thank
080319	Z	V1P	harg =I	argue
090119	Y	V1P	hayog =I	prevent, restrain
090119	Y	V1P	hent =U	predict, prophesy, foretell
070118		V1P	lasf =I	serve
070106	P	V1P	sof =A	give
090119	Y	V1P	xisnar =A	accuse
	V2I
110703	X	V2I	brinkw =H	endanger
	V2M
070106	Z	V2M	kloh =H	live in
080414	Q	V2M	lents =U	learn (le + nis)
110703	X	V2M	yuks =I	approach, go toward
	V2P
090122		V2P	aff =N?	celebrate	(afna, affubor)
080319	P	V2P	biy =H*	cause, make
090119	Y	V2P	blasn =I	censure, reprove, etc.
110108	T	V2P	byas =A	move
080319	Z	V2P	cofk =I	remove, take off (clothing)
070612	2	V2P	donk =U	hit
070120	2	V2P	gah =H*	avoid	- prohibitive auxiliary
090119	Y	V2P	gwelc =U	kill, murder
110703	X	V2P	half =U	blow
090119	Y	V2P	honck =I	crush, pulverize
110108	T	V2P	jabl =H	discard
070106		V2P	jang =I	eat
090119	Y	V2P	josn =I	judge
070612	2	V2P	kalb =U	speak (language)
070115		V2P	kelp =U	touch
090119	Y	V2P	kondemn =I	condemn
110601		V2P	konl =H	quote
070114		V2P	kwerg =I	drink
080414	Q	V2P	laih =I	perform
080319	Z	V2P	lomp =U	run (route)
070125		V2P	lont =U	cook
080319	2	V2P	mark =U	lift, pick up
070208	P	V2P	moxk =U	honor
110108	T	V2P	naph =I	twist
070612	2	V2P	nat =U	walk (route)
110703	X	V2P	nopl =H	fill P with I?
080414	Q	V2P	peh =H	use
110108	T	V2P	pexk =U	carve
070106		V2P	polt =U	crawl (route)
070612	2	V2P	sants =U	throw
070120		V2P	saxp =U	carry
080319		V2P?	selh =I	wear
070125	Y	V2P	sold =I	leave
110703	X	V2P	soxn =I	push, shove
070208	P	V2P	tokl =H	harvest
110505	4	V2P	xekp =I	chop, cut
080414		V2P	xofk =U	write
	V3I
081103	R	V3I	gaml =H	doubt
081103	R	V3I	gloh =H	understand empathetically
070112	2	V3I	hait =U	remember
070127	U	V3I	nis =A	know (something)
080414	Q	V3I	ramp =U	believe
080319	Z	V3I	taup =U	feel (emotion)
	V3M
120521	U	V3M	bosm =I	agree
070114		V3M	bruh =H	lack
080414		V3M	demp =U	think
070118	2	V3M	grat =U	like
070106	2	V3M	hox =A	want; want to	- volitive auxiliary
070111		V3M	jeus =U	choose
070107	2	V3M	ment =U	see
070109		V3M	min =N	intend to	- volitive auxiliary
070612	2	V3M	mold =I	be sure of
070107	P	V3M	my =H*	have ....
070125		V3M	raft =U	hope
070125	U	V3M	sep =U	wish
070613	U	V3M	tol =A	pass time
070106	2	V3M	xars =U	hear
080414	?	V3?	yarC =?	deduce
	V4P
070109	U	V4P	as =A	go, come
110108	T	V4P	defkod =I	collapse
080414	Q	V4P	disp =U	dance
070120	Z	V4P	dost =U	sleep
080421	U	V4P	ebas =A	return
070127	Z	V4P	fups =I	err, make a mistake
110505	4	V4P	gixn =I	make vows, marry
070108	Z	V4P	glef =A	fall
110703	X	V4P	hisk =U	rush, hurry
080319	Z	V4P	kitc =I	make a sound
070112	P	V4P	lalb =I	sing
081103	R	V4P	leik =U	behave
070109	U	V4P	par =A	fly
110703	X	V4P	posalemb =I	overflow
080414	Q	V4P	reld =I	turn
070107		V4P	rofl =H	laugh
080414	Q	V4P	wasg =I	move, gesture
110505	4	V4P	yokas =A	go across
	V5I
110703	X	V5I	blon =U	boil
110108	T	V5I	dak =U	stand
110505	4	V5I	digr =H	signify
080319	Z	V5I?	singr =H	burn	(intransitive)
	V5M
090119	Y	V5M	tof =A	die
	V5P
070120		V5P	cuf =A	sneeze
110703	X	V5P	fisl =H	sizzle
110703	X	V5P	hur =A	freeze
110108	T	V5P	sinsen =N	shimmer
	V6I
070106		V6I	bof =A	be expected to	- modal auxiliary
070110	Y	V6I	gait =U	be possible	- modal auxiliary
070110		V6I	panj =I	be logically necessary	- modal auxiliary
070110		V6I	rest =U	be obligated	- modal auxiliary
070131	2	V6I	xol =A	be able	- modal auxiliary
	V7I
070109		V7I	lorr =A*	repeat (`Iter`)	- aspectual auxiliary
070111		V7I	mais =U	continue (`Cont`)	- aspectual auxiliary
	V7P
070112	Z	V7P	pauk =U	begin (`Incp`)	- aspectual auxiliary
070112		V7P	goin =U	stop (`Paus`)	- aspectual auxiliary
070112		V7P	fasd =I	resume (`Rsmt`)	- aspectual auxiliary
070112		V7P	doft =U	complete (`Cess`)	- aspectual auxiliary
080319	Z	V7P	gwexk =I	abandon, cease
081103	R	V7P	host =U	try, attempt
	V8I
070123	Y	V8I	elt =U	differ from
070123	?	V8I	hib =I	same as
070123	Z	V8I	jad =I	seem	- like copula
	V8S
070106	P	V8S	s =U*	Cop
	X **
070106	Z	X	bi–		- proclitic, causative
080319	P	X	co–		- proclitic, impersonal
070106	P	X	do–		- proclitic, passive 1
070106	Z	X	e–		- proclitic, passive 2
070106	P	X	ho–		- proclitic, antipassive
070106	2	X	le–		- proclitic, reflexocausative
110508		X	ma–		- proclitic, respective (?)
070106	Y	X	kel–	- makes spatial relations tangent & temporals immediate
070613	2	X	–hai	before (temporal)
090119	Y	X	–hen	after (temporal)
070106		X	–ren	Deg	- degree adverb; also `–uren`
080414	Q	X	–uren	Deg	- degree adverb; also `–ren`
070123	Q	X	juku	very	- adverb
090119	Y	X	mol	surely, really, even ....
070123		X	piku	slightly	- adverb
080414	Q	X	poupo	only
	* other *
	new
120521

page started: 2011.Jan.31 Mon
was modified: 2011.Feb.26 Sat
was modified: 2011.Jul.03 Sun
was modified: 2011.Dec.29 Thu
current page: 2012.May.21 Mon
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

Previous (Alphabetical) Table of Contents Next (Sample Texts)