| Ring A first: | Maurang |
| Ring A last: | Dec04 A Final |
| Ring B first: | Lusitanian |
| Ring B last: | Dec04 B Final |
There was a frightened woman.
"There's a jaguar in my house," the woman told me.
"I wonder what the jaguar is doing there," I told her.
"She must be hungry—she's opened the refrigerator; I hope she doesn't eat Tomás."
"Tomás is in the refrigerator?"
"No, he's in a large tank."
Tomás turned out to be a large fish.
"You know that cats want to eat fish," the woman said.
| yu dašu glabotek. |
| nišertu yu caxreš dalosko kwa pi dašu nipurtek. |
| caxreš tuskerok pi hwežos kwa pi kpurtes. |
| nyaxonko — barži gozeltek; tmas wapnučok pi menos kwa. |
| tmasu barži dalok čanno kwa. |
| wa, yu drif raygin dalok kwa. |
| tmasu yu draf war hak pi sitek. |
| wari pnuč pi tibiku bulok pi šemon kwa pi dašu purtek. |
Dec04 has an interesting grammar, but most of those features don't appear in this text. Verbs are mostly triconsonantal, requiring vowel insertions. Where necessary to break up clusters, <o> is inserted. Word classes appearing are verbs, nouns, and particles.
| ni- | 1st person singular possessor |
| -0 | singular accusative |
| -i | non-referential accusative (consonant stems) |
| -ku | non-referential nominative (vowel stem) |
| -š | singular nominative (vowel stems) |
| -u | singular nominative (consonant stems) |
| k- | 3rd person object |
| ni- | 1st person singular object |
| tu- | medial demonstrative "there" |
| wa- | negative polarity |
These are inserted before the last consonant of the root or stem, but follow the single consonant of the copula.
| <a> | passive, animate subject |
| <e> | active, inanimate object |
| <i> | passive, inanimate subject |
| <u> | active, animate object |
| -0 | non-finite, present tense |
| -k | finite, 3rd person subject |
| -ma | future tense |
| -n | finite, 2nd person singular subject |
| -nko | finite, deduced, 3rd person subject |
| -o | finite, present tense |
| -s | finite, 1st person singular subject |
| -sko | finite, witnessed, 3rd person subject |
| -te | past tense |
Tense precedes the subject person, which may include evidentials (witnessed and deduced).
Argument phrases precede the verb and conjunctions follow. The most topical argument appears first; the last argument may be the focus. An accusative phrase with a passive verb specifies a location. Nouns follow their modifiers; if no determiner appears, the phrase is definite. Animacy agreement is significant. Direct quotations have a terminating particle but not a beginning particle.
| NA | noun, animate |
| NAP | noun, animate, proper |
| NI | noun, inanimate |
| VA | verb, actional |
| VD | verb, ditransitive |
| VE | verb, experiential scalar (Patient = Experiencer, Agent or Instrument = Stimulus) |
| VR | verb, relational |
| VS | verb, descriptive scalar |
| VT | verb, transitive |
| VX | verb, other |
| conj | conjunction |
| det | determiner |
| part | other particle |
| barži | NI | refrigerator |
| bl | VT | want |
| caxre | NA | jaguar |
| čanno | part | (polar question + astonishment) |
| daš | NA | woman |
| dl | VR | in |
| drf | VS | large in volume |
| glb | VE | afraid, frightened |
| gzl | VS | open |
| h | VX | (copula) |
| hwž | VA | wonder |
| kwa | part | (terminates quote) |
| mn | VA | hope |
| nyx | VE | hungry |
| pi | conj | (terminates clause used instead of phrase) |
| pnč | VT | eat |
| pr | VD | tell, say |
| raygin | NI | non-motile water-container |
| skr | VA | do |
| sy | VX | become known, turn out |
| šertu | NI | house, home |
| šm | VA | know fact |
| tibi | NA | cat |
| tmas | NAP | Tomas (man's name) |
| wa | part | no |
| war | NA | fish |
| yu | det | (indefinite) |
page started: 2018.Jan.07 Sun
current date: 2018.Feb.02 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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