Ring A first: | Maurang |
Ring A last: | Dec04 A Final |
Ring B first: | Lusitanian |
Ring B last: | Dec04 B Final |
There was a frightened woman.
"There's a jaguar in my house," the woman told me.
"I wonder what the jaguar is doing there," I told her.
"She must be hungry—she's opened the refrigerator; I hope she doesn't eat Tomás."
"Tomás is in the refrigerator?"
"No, he's in a large tank."
Tomás turned out to be a large fish.
"You know that cats want to eat fish," the woman said.
yu dašu glabotek. |
nišertu yu caxreš dalosko kwa pi dašu nipurtek. |
caxreš tuskerok pi hwežos kwa pi kpurtes. |
nyaxonko — barži gozeltek; tmas wapnučok pi menos kwa. |
tmasu barži dalok čanno kwa. |
wa, yu drif raygin dalok kwa. |
tmasu yu draf war hak pi sitek. |
wari pnuč pi tibiku bulok pi šemon kwa pi dašu purtek. |
Dec04 has an interesting grammar, but most of those features don't appear in this text. Verbs are mostly triconsonantal, requiring vowel insertions. Where necessary to break up clusters, <o> is inserted. Word classes appearing are verbs, nouns, and particles.
ni- | 1st person singular possessor |
-0 | singular accusative |
-i | non-referential accusative (consonant stems) |
-ku | non-referential nominative (vowel stem) |
-š | singular nominative (vowel stems) |
-u | singular nominative (consonant stems) |
k- | 3rd person object |
ni- | 1st person singular object |
tu- | medial demonstrative "there" |
wa- | negative polarity |
These are inserted before the last consonant of the root or stem, but follow the single consonant of the copula.
<a> | passive, animate subject |
<e> | active, inanimate object |
<i> | passive, inanimate subject |
<u> | active, animate object |
-0 | non-finite, present tense |
-k | finite, 3rd person subject |
-ma | future tense |
-n | finite, 2nd person singular subject |
-nko | finite, deduced, 3rd person subject |
-o | finite, present tense |
-s | finite, 1st person singular subject |
-sko | finite, witnessed, 3rd person subject |
-te | past tense |
Tense precedes the subject person, which may include evidentials (witnessed and deduced).
Argument phrases precede the verb and conjunctions follow. The most topical argument appears first; the last argument may be the focus. An accusative phrase with a passive verb specifies a location. Nouns follow their modifiers; if no determiner appears, the phrase is definite. Animacy agreement is significant. Direct quotations have a terminating particle but not a beginning particle.
NA | noun, animate |
NAP | noun, animate, proper |
NI | noun, inanimate |
VA | verb, actional |
VD | verb, ditransitive |
VE | verb, experiential scalar (Patient = Experiencer, Agent or Instrument = Stimulus) |
VR | verb, relational |
VS | verb, descriptive scalar |
VT | verb, transitive |
VX | verb, other |
conj | conjunction |
det | determiner |
part | other particle |
barži | NI | refrigerator |
bl | VT | want |
caxre | NA | jaguar |
čanno | part | (polar question + astonishment) |
daš | NA | woman |
dl | VR | in |
drf | VS | large in volume |
glb | VE | afraid, frightened |
gzl | VS | open |
h | VX | (copula) |
hwž | VA | wonder |
kwa | part | (terminates quote) |
mn | VA | hope |
nyx | VE | hungry |
pi | conj | (terminates clause used instead of phrase) |
pnč | VT | eat |
pr | VD | tell, say |
raygin | NI | non-motile water-container |
skr | VA | do |
sy | VX | become known, turn out |
šertu | NI | house, home |
šm | VA | know fact |
tibi | NA | cat |
tmas | NAP | Tomas (man's name) |
wa | part | no |
war | NA | fish |
yu | det | (indefinite) |
page started: 2018.Jan.07 Sun
current date: 2018.Feb.02 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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