Yivrian
Jesse S. Bangs

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"Concerning Stars"
There are four kinds of stars.
The first kind is called "Circlers," because they wander through the sky.
The second kind is called "Standers," because they stand far from the sun.
The third kind is called "Terrors," because they fall to the earth.
The fourth kind is called "Strangers," because they are seen for a very short time far from the sun.
The sun is the clansman of this type of star.
This myth is burning in anger.

"Ela luneni"
Eo tuedami na luneni.
Edam aisil sémyoas ef wíridi lai tufalavvaa pí kína.
Edam sindil sémyoas ef seyani lai fasa gilvona senavvaa.
Edam né'il sémyoas ef tholudi lai no araton afavvaa.
Edam tu'il sémyoas ef elatani lai saron rogillai ovvoa fasa gilvona.
Gilva eyi akena aniedam na luneni.
Nikaréno vogilidyaa therason.

INTERLINEAR
This just shows morpheme boundaries--the meanings of each should be
pretty easy to figure from the grammar section.
Ela lunen-i
E-o tu-edam-i na lunen-i.
Edam ais-il sém-y-o-as ef wírid-i lai tufala-vv-a-a pí kína.
Edam sind-il sém-y-o-as ef seyan-i lai fasa gilv-ona sena-vv-a-a.
Edam né-il sém-y-o-as ef tholud-i lai no arat-on afa-vv-a-a.
Edam tu-il sém-y-o-as ef elatan-i lai sar-on rog-illai o-vv-o-a fasa gilv-ona.
Gilva eyi akena a-ni-edam na lunen-i.
Ni-karéno vo-gilid-y-a-a theras-on.

GRAMMAR
NOUNS
Plurals in -i after consonants
Plural in -r after vowels

The simple case is unmarked. It functions as subjects and objects of verbs and objects of prepositions in noun phrases.  The ablative case is marked by the suffix -on, infixed before the final vowel if the word ends in a vowel. Ablative case indicates the time, manner, or place of an action. Prepositional phrases that are part of a verb phrase also take the ablative case.  The genitive case is marked by the prefix a-, added before a determiner prefix (if any). Genitive indicates possession or association, with certain restrictions not found in English (explained individually below).

Determiner prefixes include quantifiers and deictics. In this text occur:
ni- definite, near in time/space (glossable by "the" or "this")
tu - four (numeral, always used as prefix)

VERBS
Order of verb affixes is: aspect-voice-phase; with an optional modal prefix
Two verb aspects (out of six) occur in this text:
Habitual, indicated by (-(a)vv-). Indicates that an action is repeated or ongoing, or refers to an action in general.
Immediate, indicated by (-y-). Indicates a specific instance of an action.

Two voices occur:
Plain voice, shown by (-a-); indicates that the verb's valency is unaffected.
Inverse voice, shown by (-o-); indicates that the subject and object are reversed. The "object" (the semantic subject) may be omitted in this case, as with the English passive.

Two phases occur
Progressive, shown by (-a). Indicates that the action is ongoing in present time.
Perfective, shown by (-as). Indicates that at present time the action is completed.

The intensive modal prefix (vo-) also occurs.  It serves simply to heighten or emphasize the verb.

ADJECTIVES
The only adjective termination occurring in this text is (-il). These adjectives have an intensive form in (-illai).

SYNTAX
Word order is SVO
Strict head-first: adjectives follow nouns, nouns follow prepositions, etc.
Adverbs and sentence-level prepositional phrases are more free and may occur before or after verbs or at the very end or beginning of their clause.
Pronouns (subject or object) may be dropped if context is sufficient to make it clear who the subject/object is.

GLOSSARY
afya - to fall (stem afa-)
aisil - first
akena - clansman; a member of your family-clan that is not your sibling nor occurs anywhere in your direct ancestry
arat - earth, land
edam - type, kind, sort
ef - complementizer used with verbs of speech to indicate what was said
ela - with; about, concerning
elatan - stranger, foreigner
eo - passive of "eyi"; used as an existential verb "there is/are"
fasa - far off, away from, distant from (prep)
gilidya - to burn
gilva - sun
karéno - myth, legend
kína - air; sky, heavens
lai - then; for, because
lunen - star
na - from; of (used in a partitive sense, for example "I have three boxes *of* books.)
néil - third (adj)
no - towards, to
onya - to see (habitual form: _ovva_)
pí - through
rogil - breif (of time)
sarn - a span of time (abl. case is _saron_)
senya - to stand, stay, remain (stem sena-)
seyan - one who stands/remains (sena "standing, staying, remaining" + -an "subject-focus nominalizer")
sémya - to name, to give a name to
sindil - second (adj)
theras - anger, rage
tholud - terror, object of fear; bad omen
tufayya - to wander, meander (stem tufal-)
tu'il - fourth (adj)
wírid - circler, a thing which rings about another (wír "ring" + -id "non-animate object")