TIAL morphemes and examples
Eng English glosses
dfn terms defined in this chapter
ref terms defined in other chapters
Tag interlinear tags
Some verbs may take 2 objects, an indirect or primary object, specifying a "recipient", and a direct or secondary object, specifying a "theme". The objects may occur in either order (except that when the direct object is a complement clause, it must appear last), but when the recipient follows the theme (normal when the theme is a pronoun and the recipient isn't) the recipient must be preceded by the defective verb a (Loc).
yo damo gedona cikko yo libro.
"A woman has given the boy a book."
le dona so a cikko.
"She gave it to the boy."
The following needs to be rewritten and/or moved. Fronting???Either the recipient or the theme may be fronted (without a preceding a) or relativized, but not both at the same time. The a-form of the verb must be used as long as any objects follow it.
When the verb is inverted, the positions of the recipient and the original subject are swapped (after placing the recipient before the theme).
cikko donaza le so.
"The boy was given it by her."
Causative forms are indicated by the prefix fa- (Caus). This adds a new subject to clause and makes the old subject an object. If there's already an object, the new object is the recipient. The causative can't be applied to verbs that already take two objects. Any aspect prefix precedes the causative prefix.
kavallo kurre.
"The horse ran."
viro fakurre kavallo.
"The man made the horse run."
me vida kaso.
"I saw the houses."
Janno favida me kaso.
"John made me see the houses."
| dona | give | ||
Translate into English:
1. cikko falejaza seo mamo libro.
Translate into TIAL:
1. .
page started: 2010.Jun.27 Sun
current date: 2012.May.11 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
prev. chapter (12)
Table of Contents
next chapter (14)