TIAL morphemes and examples
Eng English glosses
dfn terms defined in this chapter
ref terms defined in other chapters
Tag interlinear tags
The e-form and the a-form are types of grammatical voice, representing the active voice of the verb. There's also a passive voice; in this form, the same endings are used, but the suffix -az (-Inv) is inserted immediately before the final vowel. The passive voice swaps the roles of the subject and object from subject = agent and object = patient to subject = patient and object = agent. The a-form of the passive (which is, strictly speaking, an inverse voice) enables the agent to be expressed, while the e-form of the passive is used when the agent is omitted.
pomo manjaza yo cikko.
"The apple was eaten by some child."
eto stolo fraktaze.
"This chair got broken."
There are passive o-forms, as well as active ones.
stolo gefraktazo "the broken chair"
A few verbs lack expressable subjects; these are called impersonal verbs. They include some weather verbs and temporal words. All other verbs have either an expressed or implied subject. However, the indefinite pronoun yo (Ind) can be used as the subject to make those verbs impersonal.
zupluve.
"It's raining."
verane.
"It's Spring."
yo bayle.
"There was dancing."
Impersonal verbs lack the imperative and infinitive moods.
| pluve | rain | ||
| frakta | break | verane | spring (season) |
Translate into English:
1. .
Translate into TIAL:
1. .
page started: 2010.Jun.27 Sun
current date: 2012.May.11 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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