TIAL morphemes and examples
Eng English glosses
dfn terms defined in this chapter
ref terms defined in other chapters
Tag interlinear tags
We already know how to refer to someone; this is as good a time as any to mention how to address someone: they are addressed directly using the vocative form or i-form. As the term suggests, the o of the o-form is replaced by i.
me vida te, Janni. "I see you, John."
The vocative forms of te and vas are te and vas, respectively.
The imperative mood expresses a direct command without specifying whether the implied 2nd person subject is singular or plural. It occurs only in primary clauses and is formed by not having anything before the verb except for polarity marking. The negative form may be called the prohibitive.
kante! "Sing!" (imperative)
no bayle! "Don't dance!" (prohibitive)
The infinitive mood is the complement-clause equivalent of the imperative mood. It's formed by placing only the proclitic jussive particle go (Jus) before the verb with, possibly with a negative particle in between. The implied subject is the recipient of the transpiration matrix clause (the person told etcetera).
le dica me go no kante.
"He told me not to sing." (infinitive)
The jussive mood expresses an indirect command or an exhortation and is formed by placing the proclitic jussive particle go (Jus) before the subject, and may be used in both primary clauses and complement clauses. It's also used to express a direct command when the number of the subject must be specified.
go to kante!
"Have them sing!" (jussive)
go os kante!
"Let's sing!" (jussive -- exhortation)
go vas kurre!
"Run, y'all!" (jussive as imperative)
The last example could also be
kurre, vas! (imperative plus vocative)
The optative mood expresses a wish of the speaker and is formed by prefixing tu- (Opt-) to the verb-stem (which may include an aspect prefix); any negative particle precedes it. It can be used in both primary clauses and complement clauses.
to tukante!
"I hope they sing!" (optative mood)
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page started: 2010.Jun.27 Sun
current date: 2012.May.11 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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