Askaic
Jan van Steenbergen

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About the stars

There are four kinds of stars, namely: planets, real stars, meteorites, and comets.
The first type is called "traveling stars", because they move through heaven.
The second type is called "standing stars", because they stay without movement in their position, far away from the Sun.
The third type is called "falling stars", because they fall towards the Earth.
The fourth type is called "fire-tails", because they are seen far from the Sun, and they have a bright tail, full of fire.
The Sun, burning with rage, belongs to the same tribe as these star types.

Šufer ardeš

Spycherde hynza ardum gvares, minarde: planetai, ardeš syreš, meteoreš cha kometai.
Zuder hynzi burmui jenu "ardeš kraitandeš", ukas za syrains darš tsivau.
Zuder hynzi undui jenu "ardeš šendeš", ukas za lekens šyñ syraitakš en fyzud suvud, firo af šunau.
Zuder hynzi durdui jenu "ardeš chazandeš", ukas za chazans añk toki.
Zuder hynzi gvadurdui jenu "fygorvoroi", ukas za spychurde firo af šunau, cha supuš ade oroš charkis cha fygorulis.
Šunaj, itandis en eišades, sehenide zo sefsenai švonai gve hynza ule ardum.

ABOUT THE INTERLINEAR
---------------------

The first line contains the original Askaic text. Sentences or paragraphs are separated by two slashes (//)

The second line contains basic information about the word type. Within the context of this relay text, it can be:
 ADJ            - adjective
 ADV            - adverb
 CONJ           - conjunction
 NOUN           - noun
 NUM.CARD       - cardinal numeral
 NUM.ORD        - ordinal numeral
 PART.ACT       - active voice participle
 PART.PASS      - passive voice participle
 PREP           - preposition
 PRON.PERS      - personal pronoun
 PRON.POSS      - possessive pronoun
 PRON.DEM       - demonstrative pronoun
 VERB           - verb

The third line contains a modifier.
For nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and participles:
 NOM            - nominative case
 GEN            - genitive case
 DAT            - dative case
 ACC            - accusative case
 LOC            - locative case
 s              - singular
 p              - plural
For verbs:
 ACT            - active voice
 PASS           - passive voice
 3s             - third person singular
 3p             - third person plural

ABOUT THE LANGUAGE
------------------

There is not much to say about Askaic right now. Word order is, in general, SVO, but this can be changed according to the speaker's or writer's taste (read: its creator's wishes).
Please note that adjectives, numerals and the like are always placed after the nouns they refer to, and that personal pronouns in the nominative case are usually omitted, unless special stress is intended.
There is no article.
In this text all verb forms, including the participles, are in the present tense!
The Askaic equivalent of the verb "to have" is "jenze" (to be) + dative.
Spychuze "to see", when used in the third person and in the passive voice, can also have the idiomatic meaning: "there is/there are".

You will encounter the following "special" characters:
 Š = uppercase s-haczek
 š = lowercase s-haczek
 ñ = lowercase n-tilde

INTERLINEAR
-----------

Šufer   ardeš   //
PREP    NOUN
        ACC.p
šufer   ard

Spycherde       hynza   ardum   gvares,     minarde:
VERB            NOUN    NOUN    NUM.CARD    PART.PASS
PASS.3p NOM.p   GEN.p   CARD    NOM.p
spychuze        hynzu   ard     gvares      minaze

planetai,       ardeš   syreš,  meteoreš   cha    kometai. //
NOUN            NOUN    ADJ     NOUN       CONJ   NOUN
NOM.p           NOM.p   NOM.p   NOM.p             NOM.p
planeta         ard     syris   meteor     cha    kometa

Zuder   hynzi   burmui  jenu    "ardeš  kraitandeš",
VERB    NOUN    NUM.ORD NOUN    NOUN    PART.ACT
PASS.3s DAT.s   DAT.s   NOM.s   NOM.p   NOM.p
zuze    hynzu   burmis  jenu    ard     kraitaze

ukas za         syrains         darš    tsivau. //
CONJ            VERB            PREP    NOUN
                ACT.3p                  GEN.s
ukas za         syraize         darš    tsivu

Zuder           hynzi   undui    jenu   "ardeš  šendeš",
VERB            NOUN    NUM.ORD  NOUN   NOUN    PART.ACT
PASS.3s         DAT.s   DAT.s    NOM.s  NOM.p   NOM.p
zuze            hynzu   undis    jenu   ard     šeze

ukas za         lekens  šyñ     syraitakš       en
CONJ            VERB    PREP    NOUN            PREP
                ACT.3p          GEN.s
ukas za         lekeze  šyñ     syraitak        en

fyzud   suvud,          firo    af              šunau. //
NOUN    PRON.POSS       ADV     PREP            NOUN
LOC.s   LOC.s                                   GEN.s
fyzu    suvis           firis   af              šunaj
 

Zuder   hynzi   durdui   jenu   "ardeš  chazandeš",
VERB    NOUN    NUM.ORD  NOUN   NOUN    PART.ACT
PASS.3s DAT.s   DAT.s    NOM.s  NOM.p   NOM.p
zuze    hynzu   durdis   jenu   ard     chazaze

ukas za         chazans    añk          toki. //
CONJ            VERB       PREP         NOUN
                ACT.3p                  DAT.s
ukas za         chazaze    añk          toku
 

Zuder   hynzi   gvadurdui       jenu    "fygorvoroi",
VERB    NOUN    NUM.ORD         NOUN    NOUN
PASS.3s DAT.s   DAT.s           NOM.s   NOM.p
zuze    hynzu   durdis          jenu    fygorvoroš
 

ukas za         spychurde       firo    af              šunau,
CONJ            VERB            ADV     PREP            NOUN
                PASS.3p                                 GEN.s
ukas za         spychuze        firis   af              šunaj

cha     supuš           ade     oroš    charkis
CONJ    PRON.PERS       VERB    NOUN    ADJ
        DAT.p           ACT.3s  NOM.s   NOM.s
cha     seš             jenze   oroš    charkis

cha     fygorulis. //
CONJ    ADJ
        NOM.s
cha     fygorulis

Šunaj,  itandis         en      eišades,        sehenide
NOUN    PART.ACT        PREP    NOUN            VERB
NOM.s   NOM.s                   LOC.s           ACT.3s
šunaj   itaze           en      eišad           sehenize

zo      sefsenai        švonai  gve             hynza
PREP    NOUN            ADJ     CONJ            NOUN
        DAT.s           DAT.s                   NOM.p
zo      sefsena         švonis  gve             hynzu

ule             ardum.
PRON.DEM        NOUN
NOM.p           GEN.p
uls             ard
 

GLOSSARY
--------

af (+GEN)       - of, from
añk (+DAT)      - to, towards
ard             - star
burmis          - first
cha             - and
charkis         - light, bright
chazaze         - to fall
darš (+GEN)     - through
durdis          - third
eišad           - anger, fury, rage
en (+LOC)       - in, within
firis           - far
fygorulis       - full of fire
fygorvoroš      - fire-tail
fyzu            - place
gvadurdis       - fourth
gvares          - four
gve             - how, like, as
hynzu           – sort, kind, type
itaze           - to burn
jenu            - name
jenze           - to be
kometa          - comet
kraitaze        - to travel, to wander
lekeze          - to stay, to remain
meteor          - meteore
minaze          - to name, to call
oroš            - tail
planeta         - planet
sefsena         - tribe
sehenize        - to belong
seš             - they
spychuze        – to see
suvis           - their (when the subject is masculine or neuter)
syraitak        - movement
syraize         - to move
syris           - real, true
šeze            - to stand
šufer (+ACC)    – about, concerning
šunaj           - Sun
švonis          - same
šyñ (+GEN)      - without
toku            - Earth
tsivu           - heaven, sky
ukas za         - for that reason, that; because
uls             - that, those
undis           - second (2nd)
zo (+DAT)       - to, till
zuze            - to give