| Ring B next: | Dec04 B Final |
| Ring B previous: | Hav-Kay |
«My tiger cub used all of his patience completely. I remember the cub was bigger. It was bothering me when Tomas opened the barrels of beer.
“Eva, are you thinking this is your shroud?”
I said, “I’m wondering if it was able to find Tomas in the corner market.”
“That’s not a barrel. Tomas is a person.”
The cub was eating that fish. I don’t think Tomas is a person. The cub got fish from Tomas.»
Thaurk killipus ikem unorov ci itot nipritno. Mitaulv kwam äv killipus pa vul. Kithaöv tote ukem yil daom Tomas uröpiven.
“Eva, kitulv meme ëv nev rayiv imem?”
Praum kwam, “kiktulv kwam ëti taig tote pus Tomasu pompani ibunti rim,”
“ëv vu si röpiv, ëv Tomas karum.”
Këulv killipus utith si. Tulv vu kwam ëv Tomas karum. Gaum killipus utith Tomas gim.
Tulvan is a VSO language, the pronouns follow their verbs always, but the negative comes right after the verb and before the pronoun/subject.
Adjectives in Tulvan are invariable in number, declension or gender. They follow their respective nouns and they are divided in two main groups. There are full adjectives and derived adjectives, the last type are marked by an attributive prefix i-.
Adverbs are formed much in the same way as adjectives but with the prefix ni-.
Nouns. Only one declensional case remains, the Accusative. The accusative is used in nouns to mark the direct object of a verb. The mark of the accusative in Tulvan is the affix -u. It can sometimes behave as a suffix and sometimes as a prefix. The plural is formed by the suffix -en.
In regards to pronouns the possessives will use the adjective prefix, and the objects will use the accusative as explained above. The first person has a dual form kem/kwam that can mark for volition as well as intransitivity, sometimes the sense is more idiosyncratic and not extrictly grammatical. The rest of the nouns don’t have this duality but can mimic it by using a particle -e in the end, which can be either emphatic or volitional, this distinction is often idiosyncratic and disappears in translation from Tulvan as it makes little difference.
Verbs in Tulvan can be tricky and their morphology complex. I have included the forms of all the verbs in the past tense as they are difficult to predict sometimes. Basically from a root CVC an ‘a’ is added before the V when V is u, o, i, but a ‘u’ is added before the V when V is a, e. For the sake of simplicity let’s just say that the continuous is marked by prefix ki- that can elide the vowel to fit a verb beginning with a vowel (often this vowel will gain a diaeresis marking a palatalization, e.g. e > ë). Also the “infinitive” is quite difficult to predict, so to keep it simple I’ve included its only instance.
Finally postpositions come always afterwards and work in much the same way as prepositions, only at the end.
key: n. noun, v. verb, adj. adjective, part. particle, conj. conjunction, pp. postposition, pn. pronoun, dem. demonstrative, neg. negative.
| bunti, | n. a corner. |
|---|---|
| ci, | part. all, the entirety of the preceding noun. |
| dom, | v. to open. p.t. daom |
| elv, | v. to eat. p.t. eulv. |
| ëti, | conj. whether. |
| ëv, | v. to be. P.t. äv. |
| Eva, | a name. |
| gim, | pp. from. |
| gum, | v. to get, obtain. p.t. gaum. |
| iktulv, | v. to wonder, to not fully think through. |
| karum, | n. person, human being. |
| kem, | pn. I, me, non-volitional, or neutral. |
| killipus, | n. the cub of a great feline. |
| kwam, | pn. I, me, volitional. |
| mem, | pn. you, 2nd person singular. |
| nev, | dem. this. |
| norov, | n. patience. |
| pa, | part. more. |
| pompani, | n. market, square. |
| pritno, | n. completeness. |
| prum, | v. to say, to speak. |
| pus, | v. infinitive form of püth “to find”. |
| rayiv, | n. shroud, death-veil. |
| rim, | pp. in, inside. |
| röpiv, | n. a barrel of beer (pivpäv, beer). |
| si, | dem. that. |
| thark, | v. to use. P.t. thaurk. |
| thüov, | v. to bother, to worry. P.t. thaöv. |
| tig, | v. to be able, can. |
| tith, | n. fish. |
| Tomas, | a name. |
| tot, | pn. he, him, masculine 3rd person singular. |
| tulv, | v. to think. P.t. taulv. |
| vu, | neg. no, not. |
| vul, | adj. big. |
| yil, | conj. when. |
page started: 2018.Feb.05 Mon
current date: 2018.Feb.08 Thu
content originated by Nicolás Campi
form originated by qiihoskeh
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