Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, «apa», -Tags-, and "Glosses".
Quantities include cardinal numbers and scalar quantities. Ordinal and reverse ordinal numbers are related.
The definite ending applies to the last component.
| Suffix | Tag | Description |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | ||
| -a | Def | definite |
| -i | + | incomplete numeric expression |
These apply to nominals and determiners.
| Word | Tag | Description |
|---|---|---|
| i | Sg | singular |
| ho | Du | dual |
| ci | Pc | paucal |
| tla | Pl | plural |
Numbers are base 10.
| Root | Value | Root | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| nuh | 0 | 'ar | 1 |
| him | 2 | tok | 3 |
| cil | 4 | kap | 5 |
| pun | 6 | lis | 7 |
| cas | 8 | yut | 9 |
Place value suffixes are prefixed to digits one through nine. Ones digits take no place-value prefix Compounds are ordered from most significant to least significant.
| Prefix | Value | Suffix | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ton- | 10\+1 | xuv- | 10\-1 |
| sar- | 10\+2 | jiy- | 10\-2 |
Examples:
jiylis "0.07",
toki xuvkap "3.5",
sarpuni toncili him "642".
Each power may be followed by a factor compound of two through 999.
| Root | Value | Root | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| tla'ra | 10\+3 | ci'ra- | 10\-3 |
| tlahmi | 10\+6 | cihmi- | 10\-6 |
Examples:
tla'ra toncasi cil "84,000".
| Quantity | Adverb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cir | "few / little" | cidi | Nar | narrow tolerance |
| tlar | "many / much" | tladi | Wid | wide tolerance |
| mador | "enough" | mado | Sat | satisfactive |
| hasor | "too many / too much" | haso | Exc | excessive |
| var | "how many? / how much?" | vadi | SQ | scalar question |
| cimar | "as few / little as possible" | cimadi | Min | minimal tolerance |
| tlamar | "as many / much as possible" | tlamadi | Max | maximal tolerance |
All ordinal numbers are based on whole numbers.
Ordinals include reverse ordinals, which start with the last and run backward.
A forward ordinal is formed using the prefix da- Ord and a reverse ordinal is formed using the prefix yu- Rev.
Examples:
datok "3rd",
yu'ar "last".
Most content words denote countable entities.
For those that don't, the word is followed by a measurement construction, which appears as unit word in the genitive case + quantity.
Examples:
tozgur sukopa him S-water Gen-cup "2" 2 cups of water.
A temporal unit word may denote a period, such as "month" or a phase of a period, such as "night". All these adverbials use temporal unit words, which may take temporal suffixes.
| Present | Past | Future | TRP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -mis | UT | -gin | UT.Pst | -pay | UT.Fut | Utterance Time or Near |
| -cos | DT | -bur | DT.Pst | -sov | DT.Fut | Definite Time or Far |
| -vas | QT | - | - | - | - | Question Time |
A time-when adverbial is either one of marked displacement, one of unmarked displacement, or one of no displacement. Displacement occurs when the temporal reference point TRP is not contained within the period specified by the temporal unit word (which denotes either the period or a phase of the period). When unmarked, the displacement is by one period.
A time-when adverbial of no displacement consists of a temporal unit word with a suffix from the Present column.
A time-when adverbial of unmarked displacement consists of a temporal unit word with a suffix from the Past or Future columns.
This word is followed by an ordinal number expression in order to mark a displacement greater than one.
Examples:
diyamis day-UT "today"
sohogin night-UT.Pst "last night"
xinosov datok daytime-DT.Fut Ord-"3" "3 days later"
tlovas Occ-QT "when?"
An adverbial phrase consisting of a temporal unit word + a quantity is used for duration.
For the number of occurrences, the unit noun tlo Occ is used.
Examples:
tlo tok Occ "3" "3 times"
xino pun daytime "6" "for 6 days"
The temporal unit noun may take a past or future suffix in order to anchor the adverbial to a temporal reference point.
Examples:
sohopay tok night-UT.Fut "3" "for the next 3 nights"
page started: 2025.Feb.23 Sun
current date: 2025.Feb.27 Thu
content and form originated by Jeffrey S. Jones
(qiihoskeh)
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