Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, [IPA], -Tags-, and "Glosses".
The tables show the relevent phonetic symbols (in IPA) with the
corresponding orthographic (romanization) symbols.
The 30 letters and consonant digraphs used are:
a á
b c č ç d e é
f g h i í
k l m n o ó
p r s š t þ u ú
v w x y z ž '
— j q aren't used.
In the following tables, an asterisk * indicates that the letter is used for more than one sound.
There are 5 vowel phonemes and 2 diphthongs. The diphthongs are: [ai] ai and [au] au.
All other vowel sequences are disyllabic.
front | central | back | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high | i | i | - | - | - | u | u | |||||||||
low-mid | - | ɛ | e | - | - | - | ɔ | o | - | |||||||
low | - | a | a | - | - |
An acute accent marks a penult or ultima vowel as long, but only when necessary.
There are 27 consonant phonemes using 29 phones.
labial | coronal | dorsal | guttural | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nasal | voiced | m | m | - | - | n | n* | - | ɲ | n* | ŋ | n* | - | - | |||||||
stop | voiced | b | b | - | - | d | d | - | - | g | g | gʷ | gw | - | - | ||||||
voiceless | p | p | - | - | t | t | - | - | k | k | kʷ | kw | - | ʔ | ' | ||||||
affricate | voiced | - | - | d͡z | z | d͡ʒ | ž | - | - | ||||||||||||
voiceless | - | - | t͡s | c | t͡ʃ | č | - | - | |||||||||||||
fricative | voiced | - | v | v | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
voiceless | - | f | f | θ | þ | s | s | ʃ | š | ç | ç | - | ʍ | hw | χ | x | h | h | |||
rhotic | voiced | - | - | r | r | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
vocoid | voiced | - | - | l | l | - | j | y | - | - |
The following rhyme types appear:
light: -V
heavy: -Vː, -VV, -VC
Stress is syllable-timed. All independent words are stressed, so words of 1 syllable stress the ultima.
Words of 2 syllables stress the ultima if it's heavy and the penult is light; otherwise, the penult is stressed.
Words of 3 or more syllables stress the penult if it's heavy; otherwise, the antepenult is stressed.
This applies to regular stems. The last column applies at the end of a word. The last row is for consonant stems.
Vowel | +CI | +CU | +i | +u | +o | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
i | iC | iC | i | u | e | i |
u | uC | uC | i | u | o | u |
e | iC | uC | e | o | a | |
a | eC | oC | ai | au | a | a |
Ci | Cu | i | u | o? |
The following table shows the phonetic results of consonant-glide combinations:
Consonant | C + j | C + w |
---|---|---|
k | - | kʷ |
g | - | gʷ |
x | ç | ʍ |
page started: 2016.Nov.10 Thu
current date: 2016.Nov.24 Thu
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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