The orthographic letters used are a â b c d e ê f g h i î j k l m n o ô p q r s t u û v x y z '; the letter w isn't used.
The 1st table show the consonant phones that can appear while the 2nd table shows the vowel phones; the corresponding orthography is also given. Letters marked with an asterisk * appear in more than one place in the tables.
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Guttural | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | V'less | p | p | - | - | t | t | - | - | k | k | - | ' | ʔ | |||||
Voiced | b | b | - | - | d | d | - | - | g | g | - | - | |||||||
Nasals | Voiced | m | m | - | - | n* | n | - | - | n* | ŋ | - | - | ||||||
Affricates | V'less | - | - | c | t͡ʃ | - | - | ||||||||||||
Voiced | - | - | j | d͡ʒ | - | - | |||||||||||||
Fricatives | V'less | - | f | f | z | θ | s | s | x | ʃ | - | q | χ | h | h | ||||
Voiced | - | v | v | - | y | ʒ | - | - | |||||||||||
Trills | Voiced | - | - | r | r | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Approximants | - | - | l | l | - | - | - |
Front | Central | Back | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | i î | i i: | - | - | - | u û | u u: | |||||||||
High-Mid | - | ê | e: | - | - | - | ô | o: | - | |||||||
Low-Mid | - | e | ɛ | - | - | o | ɔ | - | ||||||||
Low | - | a â | a a: | - | - |
The diphthongs are ai [ai], au [au], oi [ɔi], and eu [ɛu].
The following table shows how each vowel phoneme combines with a following glide, both before a vowel and otherwise.
Vowel | + Other | + Vowel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ y | + h | + v | + y | + h | + v | |
i | i: | e: | u: | i. | ɛ.h | u. |
ɛ | e: | a: | ɛu | ɛ.ʒ | a.h | ɛ.v |
a | ai | a: | au | a.ʒ | a.h | a.v |
ɔ | ɔi | o: | o: | ɔ.ʒ | ɔ.h | ɔ.v |
(ɛ) | i | a | u | i. | .h | u. |
Syllables are (C)V(C), (C)V:(C), (C)VV(C), and (C)VR(C), where R is a resonant (r, l, or homorganic nasal). The coda can only be a voiceless obstruent. Any consonant may appear as an onset.
page started: 2012.May.16 Fri
current date: 2014.May.18 Sun
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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