Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, [IPA], -Tags-, and "Glosses".
There are no verb roots where the final consonant is a glide.
The following table shows the stems for verb roots where the middle consonant is a glide:
| CeyC | CoyC | Cayc | CevC | CovC | CavC | Ca:C | Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CāC·e | CīC·e | CēC·e | CæC·e | CūC·e | CōC·e | ||
| CāyaC | CīyaC | CēyaC | CæyaC | CūyaC | CōyaC | <Don> | |
| CiyāC | CeyāC | CayāC | CivāC | CovāC | CahāC | <Rec> | |
| CiyūC | CeyūC | CayūC | CihūC | CovūC | CahūC | <Thm> | |
| CāyeC | CīyeC | CēyeC | CæveC | CūveC | CōveC | CōheC | <Anim> |
| CihīC | CehīC | CahīC | CivīC | CovīC | CahīC | <Inan> | |
| CīvōC | CēvōC | CūvōC | CōvōC | CāvōC | <Intr> | ||
Verb roots with initial glides are regular except that the applicative stems (instrumental, locative, and superlative) don't undergo vowel metathesis.
There are 4 copula roots, 2 positive and 2 negative. Each of these may be inflected for person and number of the subject, using Class 2 suffixes; they may also take objects. Besides the action nominals, these have only verb forms and don't distinguish gender of the object. They also don't distinguish aspect when active.
| Root | Tag | Gloss | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rī | Cop | be, exist | definition, positive |
| pō | CopNeg | not be, not exist | definition, negative |
| lē | Id | same | identity, positive |
| nō | IdNeg | different | identity, negative |
When passive, the definition copula roots rī and pō may be inflected for tense, as well as taking objects.
| Form | Tag | Description |
|---|---|---|
| rō | Pst | past tense |
| rā | Fut | future tense |
| pō | Neg | negative |
| para | NegPst | negative past tense |
| pērī | NegFut | negative future tense |
The primary dynamic spatial relations appear either as postpositions or as irregular verb roots which incorporate determiners. The following table shows the postpositions along with the corresponding stems:
| Allative | Ablative | Perlative | Word Class |
|---|---|---|---|
| =pe | =ra | =co | postposition |
| -pīš | -rōš | -cēš | action nominal |
| -pāyaš | -rēyaš | -cīyaš | participle |
| -pivōš | -rovōš | -civōš | verb |
| sīpivōšak |
|---|
| sī-pi-<vō>š-a-k |
| Prox-All-go<Intr>-Aor-1S |
| "I came here." |
When the spatial relations appear as postpositions, the determiner appears as the corresponding spatial pronoun form.
| sāra |
|---|
| sā =ra |
| Prox =Abl |
| "hence (from here)" |
page started: 2016.Aug.09 Tue
current date: 2016.Aug.11 Thu
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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