| Unrounded | Rounded | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
| High | i | i i: | - | - | - | u | u u: | |||
| Mid | - | e | E e: | - | o | o o: | - | |||
| Low | - | - | a | A a: | - | - | ||||
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Guttural | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | V'less | p | p | - | t | t | - | - | k | k | - | ' | ? | ||||
| Voiced | b | b | d | d | g | g | - | ||||||||||
| Nasals | Voiced | m | m | - | n | n | - | - | n | N | - | - | |||||
| Affricates | V'less | - | - | c | tS) | - | - | ||||||||||
| Voiced | j | dZ) | |||||||||||||||
| Fricatives | V'less | - | f | f | s | s | x | S | - | q | X | h | h | ||||
| Trills | Voiced | - | r | r | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| Approximants | w | w | - | l | l | - | y | j | - | - | |||||||
Short [u] appears only in diphthongs. Diphthongs include ai [ai], au [au], ui [ui], and iu [iu]. All other vowel sequences are disyllabic.
Each of the 20 consonants except y, w, h, j, and the voiced stops can be geminates or codas. The vocoids y, w, and h combine with the preceding short vowel when in coda position to form diphthongs and long vowels:
| Vowel | + y | + h | + w |
|---|---|---|---|
| i | ī | ē | iu |
| e | ē | ā | ō |
| a | ai | ā | au |
| o | iu | ō | iu |
| - | -i | -a | -o |
Any consonant may appear as an onset.
The basic onset clusters are as follows:
pr, tr, kr,
br, dr, gr,
fr, xr, qr,
pl, tl, kl,
bl, gl,
fl, xl, ql.
In addition the following initial clusters occur:
sp, st, sc, sk,
sm, sn, and possibly others.
The coda clusters can appear only after a short vowel; they are:
sp, st, sc, sk,
mp, nt, nc, nk,
rp, rt, rc, rk,
lp, lt, lc, lk.
page started: 2012.Apr.17 Tue
current date: 2013.Feb.12 Tue
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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