The tables show the relevent phonetic symbols (in IPA) with the
corresponding orthographic (romanization) symbols.
The letters used are:
a á æ b c č d e é f g h i í j k l m n
ň o ó p r ř s š t u ú v w x z ž;
q and y aren't used.
There are 7 phonetic vowel qualities; these occur as 5 short vowels, 6 long vowels, and in 4 diphthongs: ai, au, oi, and eu.
front | back | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high | i(:) | i, í | - | - | - | - | - | u(:) | u, ú | |||||
high-mid | - | e(:) | e, é | - | - | - | o(:) | o, ó | - | |||||
low-mid | - | - | æ: | æ | - | - | - | - | ||||||
low | - | - | - | a | a | ɑ: | á | - | - |
There are 24 consonant phones (and possibly phonemes).
labial | coronal | dorsal | guttural | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stop | voiceless | p | p | - | - | t | t | - | - | k | k | - | - | ||||||
voiced | b | b | - | - | d | d | - | - | g | g | - | - | |||||||
nasal | voiced | m | m | - | - | n | n | - | ɲ | ň | ŋ | n | - | - | |||||
affricate | voiceless | - | - | t͡s | c | t͡ʃ | č | - | - | ||||||||||
voiced | - | - | d͡z | z | d͡ʒ | ž | - | - | |||||||||||
fricative | voiceless | - | f | f | - | s | s | ʃ | š | - | χ | x | h | h | |||||
voiced | - | v | v | - | - | ʒ | ř | - | - | ||||||||||
trill | voiced | - | - | r | r | - | - | - | |||||||||||
vocoid | voiced | w | w | - | - | l | l | - | j | j | - | - |
The only consonants that can appear as codas are p, t, k, f, s, š, x, m, n, r, and l.
Any single consonant can be an onset. The onset clusters consist of a consonant followed by w, j, l, or r; only some combinations (to be determined) are possible. In particular, j appears only after p, b, f, and m.
The medial clusters, including geminates, are shown in the following table. Any onset consonant may be replaced by an onset cluster beginning with that consonant. The column labels are the codas and the row labels are the onsets that follow.
p | t | k | f | s | š | x | m | n | r | l | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | p: | t.p | k.p | f.p | s.p | š.p | x.p | m.p | - | r.p | l.p |
t | p.t | t: | k.t | f.t | s.t | š.t | x.t | - | n.t | r.t | l.t |
c | p.c | t:͡s | k.c | f.c | s.c | š.c | x.c | - | n.c | r.c | l.c |
č | p.č | t:͡ʃ | k.č | f.č | s.č | š.č | x.č | - | n.č | r.č | l.č |
k | p.k | t.k | k: | f.k | s.k | š.k | x.k | - | ŋ.k | r.k | l.k |
b | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | m.b | - | r.b | l.b |
d | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | n.d | r.d | l.d |
z | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | n.z | r.z | l.z |
ž | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | n.ž | r.ž | l.ž |
g | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ŋ.g | r.g | l.g |
f | - | - | - | f: | - | - | - | - | - | r.f | l.f |
s | p.s | - | k.s | - | s: | - | x.s | - | - | r.s | - |
š | p.š | - | k.š | - | - | ʃ: | ʃ: | - | - | r.š | - |
x | - | - | - | - | s.x | ʃ: | χ: | - | - | r.x | l.x |
h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | m.h | n.h | r.h | l.h |
v | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | r.v | - |
ř | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
m | - | t.m | k.m | - | - | - | x.m | m: | - | r.m | l.m |
n | p.n | - | k.n | - | - | - | x.n | - | n: | r.n | l.n |
ň | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ɲ: | r.ň | l.ň |
r | - | - | - | f.r | - | š.r | x.r | - | - | r: | - |
l | - | - | - | f.l | - | š.l | x.l | - | - | - | l: |
w | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
j | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
page started: 2013.Oct.28 Mon
current date: 2013.Nov.01 Fri
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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