Nov19 –  A Constructed Language

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Nov19 Usage

Modal Auxiliaries

The modal auxiliaries, including the epistemic particles, come in pairs, as shown in the following table:

Modal Auxiliary Summary

	Necessity		Possibility
Epistemic	*	-	*	-
Deontic	*ken	kon	*krh	kah
Social	*wek	wek, weg	*rjnt	rint, rind
Natural	*jwh	yuh	*thj	si, ç

The usage of each pair of auxiliaries, along with negation, is shown in the following tables. Negation doesn't apply to the epistemic particles.

Deontic Modality Usage

Necessity			Possibility			Auxiliary
	required to		not	permitted to	avoid	kon-
not	required to			permitted to	avoid	kondig-
	required to	avoid	not	permitted to		kattig-
not	required to	avoid		permitted to		kah-

Social Modality Usage

Necessity			Possibility			Auxiliary
	expected to		not	(???)	avoid	weg-
not	expected to			(???)	avoid	wektig-
	expected to	avoid	not	(???)		rintig-
not	expected to	avoid		(???)		rind-

Natural Modality Usage

Necessity			Possibility			Auxiliary
	(inevitable)		not	possible to	avoid	yuh-
not	(inevitable)			possible to	avoid	yuttig-
	(inevitable)	avoid	not	possible to		sidig-
not	(inevitable)	avoid		possible to		ç-

Usage of the Cases

• The absolutive case is used for subjects of definition and identity clauses, subjects of univalent verbs, locations of relational verbs, patients of transitive verbs, and themes of trivalent verbs.
• The ergative case is used for subjects of relational verbs, agents of transitive verbs, donors of trivalent verbs, and inanimate instruments.
• The dative case is used for recipients of trivalent verbs, recipients of "R" verbs, and beneficiaries or maleficiaries.
• The comitative case is used for animate locations.
• The genitive case has 2 main uses: the possessive genitive applied to possessors and the partitive genitive, applied to the whole from which a part is selected.

page started: 2013.Nov.26 Tue
current date: 2013.Nov.26 Tue
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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