The stem consists of the root, any derivational affixes, and the aspect suffix. To the stem are added any mood and tense suffix, any evidential suffix, and any subject suffix.
| Tag | Aspect | Stem | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .Aor | Aoristic | CVXC | i | CVXH | CVX | CVXH | ||||
| Pre-Evidential | CVXC | i | CVXH | CVX | i | CVXH | ||||
| Singular | CVXC | [2] | CVXC | [2] | CVX | [3] | CVXH | [3] | ||
| -Prg | Progressive | CVXC | ur[2] | CVXC | ur[2] | CVX | ur[2] | CVXH | r[2] | |
| Pre-Evidential | CVXC | u | CVXC | u | CVX | u | CVXH | ru | ||
| -Ret | Retrospective | CVXC | a[1] | CVXC | a[1] | CVX | a[1] | CVXH | a[1] | |
| -Pro | Prospective | CVXC | ipa[1] | CVXH | pa[1] | CVX | pa[1] | CVXH | pa[1] | |
The first suffix position after the stem determines the mood (indicative or subjunctive) and tense (past, present, or future) if indicative. If no such suffix appears, the verb is past indicative if the stem is aoristic and present indicative otherwise.
| Tag | Suffix | Description |
|---|---|---|
| -Pst | -ta[1] | indicative past |
| -Fut | -qu[1] | indicative future |
| -Sub | -bi[1] | subjunctive |
The second suffix position after the stem determines the evidentiality and/or the epistemic modality.
| Tag | Suffix | Description |
|---|---|---|
| -Hrs | -s[3] | hearsay |
| -Inf | -n[3] | inferential |
| -Pos | -?[3] | epistemic possibility |
When personal, the subject suffix distinguishes person and number and, in the 1st person plural, clusivity. The other subject suffixes are the host verb argument coreference markers and the verbal noun marker.
| Singular | Plural | Description | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tag | [1] | [2] | [3] | Tag | (all) | |
| -1S | -i | -i | -i | -1XP | -ja | 1st person (exclusive) |
| -1NP | -ma | 1st person (inclusive) | ||||
| -2S | -l | -il | -li | -2P | -la | 2nd person |
| -3S | -x | -ix | -hi | -3P | -ha | 3rd person |
| - | -VN | -su | verbal noun | |||
| -HS | -s | -is | -si | - | coreference host subject | |
| -HO | -n | -in | -ni | - | coreference host object | |
The noun suffixes are identical to the coreferential verb subject suffixes. The host subject suffix (-HS) acts like a nominative case marker and the host object suffix (-HO) acts like an accusative case marker. The suffixless forms act as adpositional case forms.
page started: 2010.Nov.14 Sun
current date: 2010.Nov.15 Mon
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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