Mar18 –  A Constructed Language

Mar18 Phonology and Orthography

Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, «apa», -Tags-, and "Glosses".

Letters and Sounds

The writing system used here is phonemic and uses ASCII letters.

The tables show the relevent phonetic symbols (in APA) with the corresponding romanization symbols. The 31 letters and consonant digraphs used in the romanization are:
a b c d dr e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sl sr t tl tr u w x y z ' — v is not used.

In the following tables, an asterisk * indicates letters with allophones.

Vowel Qualities and Quantities

There are 5 short oral vowels (9 phones), 5 long oral vowels, and 3 diphthongs. The diphthongs are «Oi» oi, «A\i» ai, and «&u» eu.

Short Oral Vowels

	front										central		back
high	i	i*	-								-		-								u	u*
high-lax	-		I	i*	-						-		-						U	u*	-
high-mid	-				e	e*	-				-		-				o	o*	-
low-mid	-						E	e*	-		-		-		O	o*	-
low	-										A\	a	-

Long Oral Vowels

	front										central		back
high	i:	ii	-								-		-								u:	uu
high-mid	-				e:	ei	-				-		-				o:	ou	-
low	-										A\:	aa	-

Consonant Qualities

There are 26 onset consonants (27 phones) and 17 coda consonants (19 phones).

Onset Consonants

		labial				coronal								dorsal								guttural
nasal	voiced	m	m	-		-		n	n	-				-								-
stop	voiceless	p	p	-		-		t	t	-				-		k	k	-				?	'*
	voiced	b	b	-		-		d	d	-				-		g	g	-				-
affricate	voiceless	-				t)K	tl	-		t)s`	tr	t)$	c	-								-
	voiced	-				-				d)z`	dr	d)*	j	-								-
fricative	voiceless	-		f	f	K	sl	s	s	s`	sr	$	x	-						X	q	h	h
	voiced	-				-		z	z	-				-		G	'*	-				-
rhotic	voiced	-				-				r	r	-		-								-
approximant	voiced	-				l	l	-						j	y	-		w	w	-		-

Coda Consonants

		labial				coronal								dorsal								guttural
nasal	voiced	m	m	-		-		n	n*	-				J	n*	N	n*	-				-
stop	voiceless	p%	p	-		-		t%	t	-				-		k%	k	-				-
affricate	voiceless	-				t)K%	tl	-		t)s`%	tr	t)$%	c	-								-
fricative	voiceless	-		f	f	K	sl	s	s	s`	sr	$	x	-						X	q	-
	voiced	-				-		z	z	-				-								-
rhotic	voiced	-				-				r	r	-		-								-
approximant	voiced	-				l	l	-						-								-

Phonotactics

Onsets

• An onset is a single consonant.
• The allophone «G» appears only after vowels.

Rhymes

The following rhyme types appear, where VV is a long vowel or diphthong:

light: -V
heavy: -VC, -VV
extraheavy: -VCC, -VVC

• The allophones «I», «U», «E», «O», appear only in closed syllables.
• The nasal n assimilates to the following consonant in point of articulation.
• In coda position, the voiceless stops are aspirates (before h) or ejectives (except when geminate).
• An extraheavy rhyme must end in an ejective.

Geminates and Clusters

• Not all combinations of coda and onset occur.
• The 13 geminates are mm, nn, pp, tt, kk, tc, ff, ss, xx, qq, zz, rr, ll.

Prosody

Stress involves tone and is morphology-based.

page started: 2023.Mar.21 Tue
current date: 2023.Mar.22 Wed
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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