| front | back | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high | i | *i | - | - | u | *u | ||
| mid | - | ɛ | *e | - | - | |||
| low | - | - | ɑ | *a | - | |||
| labial | coronal | dorsal | guttural | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | voiceless | p | *p | - | t | *t | - | - | k | *k | - | ʔ | *' | ||||
| voiced | b | *b | - | d | *d | - | - | g | *g | - | - | ||||||
| nasal | voiced | m | *m | - | n | *n | - | - | ŋ | *n | - | - | |||||
| fricative | voiceless | - | s | *s | - | - | h | *h | |||||||||
| tap/flap | voiced | - | ɾ | *r | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| vocoid | voiced | - | l | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Syllables are CV(C), with *b, *d, and *g excluded from codas.
Coda nasals appear as:
m + p, b, m
n + t, d, n
ŋ + k, g
| p, t, k | > | f, θ, x | / | __ (C, #) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | > | ç | / | (i, e) __ |
| θ, ç | > | f, ʃ | ||
| h | > | 0 | ||
| t, d, s, n | > | t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, ɲ | / | __ i |
| t, d | > | t͡s, d͡z | / | __ u |
| iɛ, iɑ, iu | > | ja, jɔ, ju | ||
| ui, uɛ, uɑ | > | wi, wɛ, wa | ||
| ɛi, ɛɛ, ɛɑ, ɛu | > | e, ɛ, ɑ, o | ||
| ɑi, ɑɛ, ɑɑ, ɑu | > | ɛ, a, ɔ, o | ||
| ɛ, ɑ, ɔ | > | e, a, o | ||
| rj | > | ʒ | ||
| j | > | 0 | / | (t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, ɲ) __ |
| w | > | 0 | / | (p, b, f, m, t͡s, d͡z, n, s, r) __ |
| ʔ | > | 0 | / | V __ (V, w, j) |
| ʔp, ʔt, ʔk, ʔʔ | > | p:, t:, k:, ʔ: | ||
| ʔt͡s, ʔt͡ʃ | > | t:͡s, t:͡ʃ | ||
| ʔm, ʔn | > | m:, n: | ||
| ʔs, ʔʃ | > | s:, ʃ: | ||
| ʔr | > | r: |
page started: 2013.Jul.09 Tue
current date: 2013.Jul.10 Wed
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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