Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, [IPA], -Tags-, and "Glosses".
Noun stems are divided into those ending with noun roots and those ending with verb roots. The latter are limited to certain deverbal nouns.
Most compound nouns are asymmetrical, with the modifier preceding the head. There are a large number of semantic classes according to the implied relationship between the head and the modifier. There may also be some symmetrical compound nouns.
| Modifier | Head | Example | Inverse | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| set | element | - | row house | - | house row |
| entity | detail | - | car tire | - | apple pie |
| source | product | - | beeswax | - | coal mine |
| cause | effect | - | water mark | - | tear gas |
| action | object | - | game animal | - | deer hunting |
| activity | implement | - | tennis ball | - | table tennis |
| inhabitant | location | - | family land | - | table lamp |
| event | time | - | vacation day | - | spring festival |
| substance | container | - | tea cup | - | cup of tea |
| product | producer | - | silkworm | - | cow's milk |
| sold entity | where available | - | sushi bar | - | grocery sushi |
| material | artifact | - | stone lion | - | building stone |
| protector | danger | - | mask gas? | - | gas mask |
| possessor | possessum | - | governor's mansion | - | ??? |
| Modifier | Head | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| species | genus | - | pine tree |
| selector | entity | - | soldier ant |
| resemblance | entity | - | cherry bomb |
| override | entity | - | space ship |
| whole | analogous part | - | tooth root |
| energy source | instrument | - | wind mill |
| purpose | instrument | - | lamp shade |
| object | instrument | - | pepper stone |
| energy source | instrument | - | electric lamp |
| application locus | substance | - | tooth paste |
A stem which otherwise acts as a verb may be nominalized with an action classifier: either -AN1 or -AN2, which are implicitly inanimate. The possessor of an AN1 noun has the patient role while the possessor of an AN2 noun has the agent role. In the case of scalar verb stems, the possessor of AN1 is also the subject of comparison.
Participant nouns referring to patients or subjects are formed by replacing the verb classifier with the appropriate noun classifier. Other participant nouns are formed by appending a new final content morpheme to the stem; these are shown in the following table:
| Final | Tag | Animacy | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | Agent | Animate | agent |
| - | Instr | Inanimate | instrument |
| - | Locat | Inanimate | location |
| - | - | - | - |
In general, verb stems end in verb roots. However, there may be some verb roots that also function as noun roots.
When a relational root is combined with one of locomotion, the relational appears last. The perlative root "pass" may appear in between.
Cardinal numbers are quantity words:
| Value | Initial | Value | Initial | Value | Initial | Value | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yav· | 10 | yaad· | 100 | yavotk· | 1000 | yavishn· |
| 2 | soy· | 20 | soid· | 200 | soyotk· | 2000 | soyishn· |
| 3 | duz· | 30 | duzd· | 300 | duzotk· | 3000 | duzishn· |
| 4 | nan· | 40 | nand· | 400 | nanotk· | 4000 | nanishn· |
| 5 | rey· | 50 | reed· | 500 | reyotk· | 5000 | reyishn· |
| 6 | shil· | 60 | shild· | 600 | shilotk· | 6000 | shilishn· |
| 7 | ther· | 70 | therd· | 700 | therotk· | 7000 | therishn· |
| 8 | vim· | 80 | vind· | 800 | vimotk· | 8000 | vimishn· |
| 9 | khov· | 90 | khood· | 900 | khovotk· | 9000 | khovishn· |
Compound numbers are formed highest order to lowest order all but the last number taking the aggregate final -an -Agg, e.g. shilotkan nandan soyo "642". Zero is pukh·.
Fractional numbers represent denominators formed from cardinal numbers. They're formed by appending the derivational medial -asht -Den to the stem of the last part of the number, e.g. yavotkashto "1%".
Ordinal numbers are nouns formed from cardinal numbers by appending the derivational medial -ath -Ord to the stem of the last part of the number, e.g. reedan theratho "57th".
page started: 2017.Mar.11 Sat
current date: 2017.Mar.11 Sat
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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