The tables show the relevent phonetic symbols (in IPA) with the
corresponding orthographic (romanization) symbols.
The letters used are:
a c e h i j k m n o p r s t u;
b d f g l q v w x y z aren't used.
There are 7 phonetic vowel qualities occurring as 5 short vowels, 5 long vowels, and 3 diphthongs: [ae] ae, [ao] ao, and [ɔi] oi.
| front | back | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high | i(:) | i(i) | - | - | ɯ(:) | u(u) | ||||||||
| high-mid | - | e: | ee | - | - | o: | oo | - | ||||||
| low-mid | - | ɛ | e | - | ɔ | o | - | |||||||
| low | - | a(:) | a(a) | - | ||||||||||
There are 23 consonant phones and 10 consonant phonemes.
| labial | coronal | dorsal | guttural | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | voiceless | p | p | - | - | t | t | - | c | k* | k | k* | - | - | |||||||
| voiced | b | - | - | d | - | - | g | - | - | ||||||||||||
| nasal | voiced | m | m | - | - | n | n* | - | ɲ | n* | ŋ | n* | - | - | |||||||
| affricate | voiceless | - | - | t͡s | s* | t͡ʃ | c | - | - | ||||||||||||
| voiced | - | - | d͡z | d͡ʒ | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| fricative | voiceless | - | - | s | ʃ | ç | s* | x | s* | - | h | h | |||||||||
| trill | voiced | - | - | r | r | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| flap | voiced | - | - | ɾ | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| vocoid | voiced | - | - | j | j | - | - | ||||||||||||||
The possible syllable types are (C)V, (C)V:, (C)VV, and (C)VC.
Postvocalic onsets: [b], [d], [g], [d͡z], [d͡ʒ], [m], [n], [ɾ], [h], and [j].
Other onsets: [p], [t], [k], [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [m], [n], [ɾ], [h], and [j].
Geminates: [p:] pp, [t:] tt, [c:] kj, [k:] kk, [t:͡s] ts, [t:͡ʃ] tc, [ç:] sj, [ʃ:] cj, [m:] mm, [n:] nn, [ɲ:] nj, and [r:] rr.
Codas: [k], [s], [ç], [x], [ʃ], [m], [n], [ɲ], [ŋ], and [ɾ].
Coda k appears only before m, n, r, h, and j, alternating with gemination of stops and affricates. The allophone [c] occurs with j or before i, e.
Coda [m] appears before p or m,
[ñ] appears before j or [c],
[ŋ] appears before k, and
[n] appears otherwise.
Coda [ç] occurs when combined with j or
between i or e and a coronal consonant.
Coda [x] appears between a, o, or
u and a coronal consonant.
Coda [s] appears otherwise.
page started: 2013.Dec.16 Mon
current date: 2013.Dec.16 Mon
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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