KLH3 –  A Constructed Language

KLH3 Usage

Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, [IPA], -Tags-, and "Glosses".

Role Inflection Usage

Inversion and Transitivity Usage

The argument role mapping is presented in the following table. The Tran rows are used for LS, LP, and Par as well.

Voice Suffix Usage
Prefix Agent Patient Suffix
Tag Name Tag Name
Tran Transitive proximate obviative Dir Direct
obviative proximate Inv Inverse
Intr Intransitive proximate - Dir Direct
- proximate Inv Inverse
Rfx Reflexive proximate Dir Direct

For non-local participles, the proximate argument is relativized, but for unilocal participles, the obviative argument is relativized. This is in accord with the agreement hierarchy, which is:

K > L > rel > 3

The passive voice (inverse intransitive) may also be used as a middle voice (in the non-classical sense).

Usage of the Cases

Some Oblique Usages

Oblique phrases are constructed using transitive secondary predicates.

Since these are less grammaticized than cases, the usages will be divided among multiple verbs.

Usage of the Phrase Conjunctions

Temporal Inflection Usage

The verb's temporal type corresponds to the type of clause it appears in.

Action Type

Each verb is either static, primarily denoting a state, or dynamic, primarily denoting an action. However, a static verb form may also represent a transition into the state and a dynamic verb form may also represent a state resulting from the action.

Usage of the Final Tenses and Moods

The situation denoted by a final verb is of the primary type for that verb, except that imperatives are dynamic. Since they appear only on final verbs, the tenses are absolute. The 1st 3 given here comprise the indicative mood.

Usage of the Coordinate Temporals

The coordinate temporals specify logical conjunction or disjunction and, if the former, whether the situation denoted by the clause occurs before or at the same time as that of the next final or coordinate clause.

Usage of the Subordinate and Infinitive Aspects

The aspects specify the stage that the situation is at with respect to a temporal point of reference determined by the following host clause.

Usage of the Secondary and Participial Aspects

The aspects specify the stage that the situation is at with respect to a temporal point of reference determined by matrix clause.

Determining the Temporal Point of Reference

Adjunct Clauses

The aspect of a the subordinate verb in a temporal adjunct clause determines the temporal relationship between the subordinate clause and its host clause. One use of temporal adjuncts is to translate depictive secondary predicates (using perfect aspect). The following table shows the relations between the time of the adjunct situation and the time of the host situation.

Temporal Adjunct Relations
Tag Aspect Relation
Aor Aoristic adjunct during host
Prg Progressive host during adjunct
Prf Perfect host after adjunct
Pro Prospective host before adjunct

Other Usage

Demonstrative Usage

The demonstratives are used both spatially and metaphorically. There are 2 ways that the demonstratives can constrast; which one applies depends on the context.

Demonstrative Contrasts
Tag Name Contrast 1 Contrast 2
Prox Proximal L person (1st person in a command) M or Inclusive person
Medi Medial K person (2nd person in a command) 3rd person (non-remote)
Dist Distal 3rd person 3rd person remote

page started: 2016.Jul.12 Tue
current date: 2016.Jul.13 Wed
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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