The – Jaguar 2–  Language

Jaguar 2 Morphology

Replacement of the original Jaguar documentation isn't complete.

Word Formats

Legend
Asp required slot
Nom required marker
Pro slot
Ifl marker

General Word Format
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. A1%# EviT
Case		 Polar Modal
Class		 Asp ArgS A2%#
Vowel JagR Root
  Prefixes  

Slot Abbreviations
A1%# 1st argument person and number A2%# 2nd argument person and number
ArgS Argument Structure Asp Aspect
Case Noun's Case Class Noun Class
EviT Evidential and Tense JagR Jaguar's Role
Modal Modality Polar Polarity (Negative)
Root Word Root

Nouns

Class is either required or omitted.

Univalent Nouns
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Case Polar Class Nom Ant None
Vowel Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent Nouns
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Case Polar Class Nom Dir A2%#
Vowel Root
  Prefixes  

Participles

Jaguar's role in Oblique formats excludes Core (Sub). Aspect excludes Nominal (Nom).

Univalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Polar Asp' ArgS None
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Core
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Polar Asp' ArgS None
Vowel Sub Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Polar Asp' ArgS A2%#
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Finite Verbs

Jaguar's role in Oblique formats excludes Core (Sub). Aspect excludes Nominal (Nom). Univalent Argument Structure is limited to Ant, Pas, or Rfx while bivalent Argument Structure is limited to Dir or Inv.

Univalent, Core
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. None EviT Polar Modal Asp' ArgS' None
Vowel Sub Root
  Prefixes  

Univalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. A1%# EviT Polar Modal Asp' ArgS' None
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Core
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. None EviT Polar Modal Asp' ArgS' A2%#
Vowel Sub Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. A1%# EviT Polar Modal Asp' ArgS' A2%#
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Imperatives

Jaguar's role excludes Core (Sub). Aspect excludes Nominal (Nom). Univalent Argument Structure is limited to Ant or Rfx.

Univalent, Imperative
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Imp Polar Asp' ArgS None
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Imperative
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. Imp Polar Asp' Dir A2%#
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Copular Forms

Jaguar's role in Oblique formats excludes Core (Sub). Class is either required or omitted.

Univalent, Core
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. None EviT Polar Class Nom Ant None
Vowel Sub Root
  Prefixes  

Univalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. A1%# EviT Polar Class Nom Ant None
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Core
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. None EviT Polar Class Nom Dir A2%#
Vowel Sub Root
  Prefixes  

Bivalent, Oblique
  Prefixes Infixes
Cons. A1%# EviT Polar Class Nom Dir A2%#
Vowel JagR' Root
  Prefixes  

Specific Markers

Argument Structure Marking

Argument Structure Infixes
Tag Description Valence Phonemic
<Dir> Direct bivalent /p/
<Inv> Inverse /ʔ/
<Ant> Antipassive univalent /g/
<Pas> Passive /t/
<Rfx> Reflexive /ç/

Aspect Marking

Aspect Prefixes
Tag Description Phonemic
Prf- Perfective /k/
Ipf- Imperfective /ʃ/
Hab- Habitual /b/
Nom- Inherent /d/

Person Marking

The morphologically distinguished persons are:

Person Marking
Tag Description A1%# Infl A2%#
Uns (none) /h/ /h/
Jag Jaguar /h/
1S 1st person Singular /ç/ /ç/
2S 2nd person Singular /g/ /g/
3S 3rd person Singular (definite only) /t/ /t/
IOP 3rd person indefinite or any plural /s/ /s/

Role Marking

Jaguar's Role Prefixes
Tag Description Phonemic Type
Sub- Subject /ɑ/ core
Thm- Theme /o/ non-core
Dat- Recipient, Beneficiary /æ/
Loc- Location, Destination /e/
Ins- Instrument, Route /r/
Abl- Source, Origin /i/
Voc- Addressee /u/
Nul- (none) /ɜ/

Tense and Evidentiality Combinations

Tense and evidentiality are combined into a single set of prefixes. Note that epistemic modality is treated as being evidential.

Tense and Evidentiality (EviT)
Tag Description Past Present Future Type
participant CV- 0 direct evidential
witnessed
Hrs- hearsay CV- CV- CV- indirect evidential
Ded- deductive CV- CV- CV-
EP- uncertain CV- CV- CV- epistemic possibility

Polarity Prefixes

Interrogative polarity is limited to finite verb forms and finite copular forms.

Polarity Prefixes (Polar)
Tag Description Phonemic
Positive 0
Neg- Negative pɑ̃-
PQ- Interrogative sî-

Modality Prefixes

The modality slot (Modal) marks deontic and related modalities.

Modality Prefixes (Modal)
Tag Name Description Phonemic
Indicative 0-
Jus- Jussive CV-
Pot- Potential physical possibility CV-
Ine- Inevitable physical necessity CV-
Prm- Permissive deontic possibility CV-
Obl- Obligatory deontic necessity CV-

Noun and Pronoun Cases

Case Prefixes
Tag Name Usage Phonemic
Absolutive patient, subject 0-
Erg- Ergative agent CV-
Dat- Dative recipient, beneficiary CV-
Loc- Locative location, destination CV-
Ins- Instrumental instrument, route CV-
Abl- Ablative source, origin CV-
Gen- Genitive possessor, whole CV-
Voc- Vocative addressee CV-

Noun Classifiers

This sub-section needs to be replaced.

Each noun classifier fuses gender and number. In substantive and copular forms, the classifier forms a lexical unit with the root, but in adjective forms, the classifier simply indicates agreement with an omitted substantive.

Noun Classifiers
Description Nullar Singular Paral Paucal Plural Excessive
# places -CV -CV   -CV -CV -CV
# times -CV -CV   -CV -CV -CV
kinship -CV -CV   -CV -CV -CV
body parts -CV -CV -CV -CV -CV -CV
  -CV -CV -CV -CV -CV -CV
food -CV     -CV -CV -CV
liquid -CV     -CV -CV -CV

page started: 2014.Dec.27 Sat
current date: 2014.Dec.29 Mon
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content and form originated by qiihoskeh