Jun04 –  A Constructed Language

Jun04 Usage

Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Text>, [IPA], -Tags-, and "Glosses".

Role Inflection Usage

Usage of the Voices

The argument role mapping is presented in the following table.

Voice Suffix Usage
Tag Name Agent Patient
-Dir Direct proximate obviative
-Inv Inverse obviative proximate
-Ant Antipassive proximate -
-Pas Passive - proximate
-Rfx Reflexive proximate

For non-local participles, the proximate argument is relativized, but for unilocal participles, the obviative argument is relativized. This is in accord with the agreement hierarchy, which is:

2 > 1 > rel > 3

Usage of the Cases

Temporal Inflection Usage

The verb's temporal type corresponds to the type of clause it appears in.

Action Type

Each verb is either static, primarily denoting a state, or dynamic, primarily denoting an action. However, a static verb form may also represent a transition into the state and a dynamic verb form may also represent a state resulting from the action.

Usage of the Final Tenses

The situation denoted by a final verb is of the primary type for that verb, except that imperatives are dynamic. Since they appear only on final verbs, the tenses are absolute. The 1st 4 given here comprise the indicative mood.

Usage of the Coordinate Temporals

The coordinate temporals specify logical conjunction or disjunction and, if the former, whether the situation denoted by the clause occurs before or at the same time as that of the next final or coordinate clause.

Usage of the Subordinate Aspects

The aspects specify the stage that the situation is at with respect to a temporal point of reference determined by the following host clause.

Usage of the Participial Aspects

The aspects specify the stage that the situation is at with respect to a temporal point of reference determined by matrix clause.

Other Temporal Usage

The frequentive derivation indicates that the situation is habitual (occurring on multiple occasions) or inherent; this depends on the referentiality of the arguments. This may be applied to frequentive stems as well as to roots.

Determining the Temporal Point of Reference

The temporal point of reference for a coordinate clause is a modification of that of the next clause in the sequence. The temporal point of reference for a subordinate clause is the same as the effective time of the host clause. The temporal point of reference for a participle is the same as the effective time of the matrix clause.

Adjunct Clauses

The aspect of a the subordinate verb in a temporal adjunct clause determines the temporal relationship between the subordinate clause and its host clause. One use of temporal adjuncts is to translate depictive secondary predicates (using perfect aspect). The following table shows the relations between the time of the adjunct situation and the time of the host situation.

Temporal Adjunct Relations
Tag Aspect Relation
Aor Aoristic adjunct during host
Prg Progressive host during adjunct
Prf Perfect host after adjunct
Pro Prospective host before adjunct

Other Usage

Demonstrative Usage

The demonstratives are used both spatially and metaphorically. There are 2 ways that the demonstratives can constrast; which one applies depends on the context.

Demonstrative Contrasts
Tag Name Contrast 1 Contrast 2
Prox Proximal 1st person Inclusive person
Medi Medial 2nd person 3rd person (non-remote)
Dist Distal 3rd person 3rd person remote

page started: 2016.Jun.12 Sun
current date: 2016.Jun.26 Sun
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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