– TIAL –
An Interpersonal Auxiliary Language

TIAL Morphology

Inflectional Morphology

Basic Inflectional Morphology

TIAL content words take different final suffixes, depending on the syntactical usage of the word. The following table shows which usages are possible for each class of word and what the appropriate final suffix is. The table also notes which forms are cited for each kind of stem in the vocabulary. The table also shows that some root forms of verbs can be used as conjunctions, which are cited separately in the vocabulary.

Note that defective verb-stems are always monosyllabic, and that other verb and noun stems are never monosyllabic.

Part-of-Speech Endings

Usage	Noun Stems		Verb Stems
			Univalent		Bivalent		Defective
Bivalent	-				-a	(cite)	-a	(cite)
Univalent	-e		-e	(cite)	-e		-
Nominal	-o	(cite)	-o		-o
Vocative	-i		-i		-i
Conjunction	0				0	(cite)	0

There's also a pre-final inversion suffix -az- (-Inv-) which reverses the semantic roles of the subject and object.

Verbal Aspect

Verbs are inflected for valence, using the part-of-speech endings and for aspect and mood, using prefixes. With regard to the latter, there are 2 main classes of verbs: static, representing states and relationships, and dynamic, representing actions and processes. Some aspect prefixes apply only to static verbs and some only to dynamic verbs. The aspect prefixes are summarized in the following table:

Aspect Prefixes

Prefix	Tag	Name	Description	Base	Acts	Type
Static only
		Stative	state in progress	S	S	direct
fi-	Inch-	Inchoative	entry to state	S ->	D	direct
di-	Term-	Terminative	exit from state	S ->	D
Dynamic only
		Aoristic	event taken as a whole	D	D	direct
zu-	Prg-	Progressive	event in progress	D	D
ge-	Ret-	Retrospective	result of action or process	D ->	S	indirect
va-	Pro-	Prospective	readiness for event	D ->	S
Dynamic or Static
bi-	Hab-	Habitual	multiple occurrences	D (S)	S	indirect

Verbal Mood

A mood prefix precedes any aspect prefix.

Mood Prefixes

Prefix	Tag	Name	Description	Base
		Indicative	-	any aspect
tu-	Opt-	Optative	speaker's wish	any aspect

Pronominals

Personal and Possessive Pronouns

Some of the pronouns have possessive forms ending in -o. Deictic pronominals are used for the non-possessive non-reflexive 3rd person pronouns.

Personal Pronouns

Singular				Plural				Person
Personal		Possessive		Personal		Possessive
1S	me	1S.Pos	meo	1XP	nas	1XP.Pos	naso	1st
-				1NP	os	1NP.Pos	oso
2S	te	2S.Pos	teo	2P	vas	2P.Pos	vaso	2nd
3S		3S.Pos	leo	3P		3P.Pos	loro	3rd
Rfx	se	Rfx.Pos	seo	-				3rd, Reflexive

Deictic Pronominals

Deixis	Degree Adverb		Location or Demonstrative		Pragmatic or 3rd Person
Proximal	Prx.Deg	ta	Prx.Loc	ete	Prx.D	to
Medial	Med.Deg	sa	Med.Loc	ese	Med.D	so
Distal	Dis.Deg	la	Dis.Loc	ele	Dis.D	le

Gendered Correlatives

Class:	pron	pron	det	VS1	adv	adv	det	Series Name
Use:	Inan.	Anim.	Poss.	Where	When	Degree	Prag.
Tag	.Ina	.Ani	.Pos	.Loc	.Tmp	.Deg	.D
Sat	-			ece	can	ca	co	Satisfactive
Que	ké	kí	kio	ekè	kan	ká	kò	Interrogative
Rst	pe	pi	pio	epe	pan	pa	po	Restrictive
IRP	yope	yopi	yopio	eyope	yopan	yopa	yopo	Indefinite
Exi	algo	algí	algio	alge	algan	ca		Existential
Nul	ningo	ningí	ningio	ninge	ningan			Null
Uni	toto	totí	totio	tote	totan			Universal
NUQ	nitto	nittí	nittio	nitte	nittan			Non-Universal

• The satisfactive series is used when something is sufficient for some result.
• The interrogative series is used for content questions (e.g. "who" etc.)
• The restrictive series is used for restrictive relative clauses (e.g. "who" etc.)
• The indefinite series is used for indefinite relative clauses (e.g. "whoever" etc.)
• The existential series is comprised of the forms of the existential quantifier (e.g. "some, any").
• The null series is the negation of the existential quantifier (e.g. "none").
• The universal series is comprised of the forms of the universal quantifier (e.g. "all, every").
• The non-universal series is the negation of the universal quantifier (e.g. "not all, some not").

Derivational Morphology

An incorporated noun is appended to the verb, with the part-of-speech suffix for the verb at the end. An -a- is inserted between the verb and the noun.

A derivational noun modifier is appended to the noun, with the part-of-speech suffix for the noun at the end. An -o- is inserted between the noun and the modifier.

There are also the derivational suffixes -jen·o and -mod·o.

Cardinal Numbers

The cardinal number greater than 10 are constructed according to the formula

(Factor-o)  Base(-i  Addend)-o

where the value is (Factor × Base) + Addend. Addend is from 1 to Base - 1 (default 0) and Factor is from 2 to Base - 1 (default 1).

dekiduo "12"
tetrokatipento "405"

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal numbers are constructed by placing the corresponding cardinal number, with its final -o changed to -a, in front of the ordinal verb derivational suffix -ban·e.

unabane "first"
tetrokatipentabane "405th"

Fractional Numbers

Fractional numbers are constructed according to the formula

Numerator do Denominator

page started: 2010.Jun.13 Sun
current date: 2014.Sep.06 Sat
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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