C9 –  A Constructed Language

2 C9 Basic Morphology

Legend: Definitions, Terms, <Sample>, <Text>, «apa», -Tags-, and "Glosses".

2.1 Word Classification

The syntactical classes are content words and ordinal numbers, cardinal numbers and scalar quantities, determiners, case markers, conjunctions, and various other markers.

2.1.1 Action Types

Each content stem and word has an action type.

Action Types

Label	Name		Description	Examples
P__	Persistent		no significant change	"cat", "mother"
B__	Binary	State	not scalar	"in", "see"
S__	Scalar		scale and direction of comparison	"hot", "here"
C__	Culminating	Process	has termination point	"cook"
U__	Unitizable		can be broken into steps	"walk", "eat"
E__	Event		a point of change	"break", "give"

2.1.2 Other Content Word Properties

A content word can be relational (this has syntactical significance); these are states.

2.2 Content Word Structure

2.2.1 Common Structure

An ordinal number can appear as the stem.

Common Structure

Slot	Name	Null Usage	Group
1.	Lexeme	required	Stem
2.	ActionType Modifiers	none
3.	Aspect	default	Temporal
4.	Polarity	positive
5.	Tense	default

2.2.2 Attribute Structure

Attribute Structure

Slot	Name	Null Usage	Group
A.	Common	required	Common
B.	Relativized Role	P	Terminal

2.2.3 Predicate Structure

Predicate Structure

Slot	Name	Null Usage	Group
A.	Common	required	Common
B.	Illocutionary Force	Attribute	Terminal

2.3 Content Word Suffixes

2.3.1 ActionType Modifiers

ActionType Modifiers

Suffix		Description	Result
.a	.a	Potential	State
.b	.b	Inchoative	Culminating
.c	.c	Causative	Culminating
.f	.f	Frequentative	Unitizable
.n	.n	Necessity	State
.s	.s	Singulative	Event
.t	.t	Conative	Culminating
.y	.y	Inceptive	Event
.z	.z	Culminative	Event

2.3.2 Aspect

Aspect Suffixes

Suffix		Description
<	<	Prior
>	>	Subsequent
=	=	Habitual

2.3.3 Polarity

Polarity Suffixes

Suffix		Description
^	^	Negative
+	+	Affirmative

2.3.4 Tense

The present tense isn't needed in final predicates, since the temporal context is absolute.

Tense Suffixes

Suffix		Description
\	\	Past
/	/	Future
|	|	Present

2.3.5 Illocutionary Force

Illocutionary Force

Suffix		Description
@	@	Adverb
!	!	Imperative
$	$	Declarative
?	?	Interrogative

2.3.6 Roles and Cases

Roles & Cases

Marker		Description	Notes
A	A	Agentive
B	B	Benefactive
G	G	Genitive	makes phrase or pronoun attributive
I	I	Instrumental
L	L	Locative	not used with pronoun
M	M	Malefactive
P	P	Patientive	used only as pronoun case
Q	Q	Mass Quantity
R	R	Reason
S	S	Scalar Measurement
T	T	Temporal
U	U	Conjunction	case only
V	V	Inclusive OR	case only
W	W	Preclusive OR	case only
X	X	To State	case preceded by relational
Y	Y	From State	case preceded by relational
Z	Z	Via State	case preceded by relational

page started: 2026.Jan.27 Tue
current date: 2026.Feb.01 Sun
content and form originated by qiihoskeh

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