The basic pronominals are the local persons, the special pronominals, and the indexes. Additional pronouns and determiners are mostly derived from these.
The local persons are declined like nouns. They are
| Description | Tag | Root |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 1- | m- |
| 2nd person | 2- | t- |
| inclusive person | N- | c- |
The special pronominals are also declined like nouns. They include
| Description | Tag | Root |
|---|---|---|
| content question | Q- | q- |
| relative pronoun | R- | y- |
| clause terminator | T- | d- |
| 3rd person inanimate | 3I- | g- |
| 3rd person proximate | 3A- | 0- |
| specific indefinite | U- | b- |
The obviation indexes are s, n, p, and f. They appear 2 ways: as noun suffixes and as pronouns. As noun suffixes, they (a) mark the phrase as being obviative, (b) define the index as coreferencing that phrase for subsequent use as a pronoun, and (c) in the case of f, mark the phrase as specifying a location or recipient.
bo doagis mivida. siblanka. "I saw a dog. It was white."
Joan stulin seda. ni ifrakta. "John sat on the chair. He broke it."
When a speaker needs a new index, it's generally one whose referent is no longer current that's chosen. (More study is needed.)
The demonstratives are quasi-participial forms functioning as determiners and pronouns. Most of them are derived from basic pronouns by the addition of -Vl. For each demonstrative, there's a corresponding locational verb, derived by replacing the l in the stem with s.
| Demonstrative | Locational | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Word | Gloss | Word | Gloss |
| mil | "this/these" | mis- | "here" |
| cil | cis- | ||
| tul | "that/those" | tus- | "there" |
| hul | hus- | ||
| lal | "yon" | las- | "yonder" |
| qal | "which?" | qas- | "where?" |
page started: 2012.Aug.05 Sun
current date: 2012.Aug.05 Sun
content and form originated by qiihoskeh
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